Land-use conflicts reveal the contemporary evolution of rural areas, and specifically the rise of the rural living environment and its confrontation with the other functions of the countryside (productive, recreational and natural protection). Local public authorities implement regulations to organize common environmental resources use without conflicts. But local public choice can not satisfy everyone, leading to a lack of unanimity. Local public intervention inevitably creates a losing side and it is difficult for them to escape the environmental damage by leaving.

The purpose of this review is to outline the status quo regarding multifunctional and social demands on grasslands. The products and services that grassland ecosystems can provide society are detailed. Existing agro-policies are reviewed as to how they reflect social demands on grasslands. A farm level analysis considers many factors that may influence the fulfilment of social demands. Conclusions are drawn on the future of grassland use under different socioeconomic conditions.

Much is reported about the destruction of natural forests and the consequences for global warming, while on the other hand, exotic plantations in some regions struggle to gain public acceptance. The earth's population is projected to rise to around 9 billion by 2050, with a concomitant increase in demand for forest products. Inevitably, forests in general, and managed forest in particular, will be called on to provide an ever-increasing proportion of local supplies and the international wood trade.

The extensive chapter on “Estuary & Shorelands Policies” is a separate section, as is the“Transportation System Plan” material added in October 2003.] Includes amendments in October 2003 thatincorporated the new Transportation System Plan. Chapter 5 of the TSP was made a section of the CompPlan, and the entire TSP became an Appendix to the Comp Plan.

Plant health is a key condition for a sustainable land use and rural economy. Drawing on a Rural Economy and Land Use (RELU)-funded project on the growing risk of plant diseases in the UK, current and future challenges to plant health are discussed. It is well recognized that farmers have an important role in shaping plant health policies at a time of major structural changes in agricultural industries. However, the role of consumers has also much potential to improve sustainability of plant disease management options.

For the last 15 years, the agglomeration of Riga has expanded and one of the most important problems that Riga faces is movement of middle-class people to surrounding municipalities. This tendency is mostly referable to the processes in the USA during the second half of the 20th century. This research has first identified the history and causes of urban sprawl since the earliest times and has compared it with the situation in Riga Region.

A gazdálkodás ökonómiai kérdéseivel foglalkozók számára a piaci csere híján fontos feladat az externáliák minél szélesebb körű számszerűsítése, mivel csak a társadalom számára jelentkező összes költség és haszon figyelembevételével lehet megítélni a mindenkori agrárpolitikát. Egyre fontosabb az, hogy milyen agrárpolitikai eszközökkel oldhatók meg a liberalizált kereskedelemmel szembeni elvárások és a nem-termék jellegű javak társadalmilag optimális kibocsátása. Ebben a kettős elvárásban a földtulajdon és földhasználat szétválása előnytelen.

After the restitution, fragmented land makes East European countries difficult to produce cereal crops for commercial purposes. This paper attempts to analyze the institutional approach of Bulgaria to consolidate rental land into viable farm size for mechanization. It indicated effective use of machinery leading to high yield of crops. In addition, the approach has advantages to enable youth to join farming without capitals to acquire land and to retain opportunities for pensioners to return to their home villages.

This study analyzes a case which improved the utilization rate of arable land through production of rice for non-principal food. The main outcomes are as follows. Rice for non-principal food is produced jointly in Nagashima-cho by a lot of large-scale farmers. Land owners and cultivators have a share the advantage of eliminating ambiguity concerning the responsibility for mowing in summer. Dispersion of the agricultural workload, which is one of the benefits of rice production for non-principal food, doesn't generate profit to the degree which a large-scale farmer craves.