It is well known that land-use changes influence the hydrological cycle and that those changes in the hydrological cycle influence land use. The sophisticated spatial dynamic planning tools that have been developed in the last decades to support policy makers in the decision making process do not take into account the mutual feedbacks between land use and hydrology.

Asahi city in Chiba prefecture was suffered extensive damages by tsunami in the Great East Japan Earthquake. Iioka area where was damaged by the largest tsunami in Asahi city is outside of City planning area. In this area, the form of 'local reconstruction' was taken. It didn't perform the regulation of land use except the development of a new evacuation routes and towers. The purpose of this study is to reveal how residents suffered damage in affected area by tsunami moved or reconstructed and what kind of conditions affect local reconstruction.

This study clarified the factors of spreading wood burials in Germany comparing with Japanese challenges of them. The actual state of wood burials in Germany was figured out through literature researches, fieldworks and interview researches. German wood burial is placed as a new forest use in addition to the multiple public functions of forest. In contrast, Japanese wood burial is a new form of graveyard. In addition to that, German wood burials are managed by private enterprises which contract with forest owners and controlled by foresters in a sustainable nature based forest management.

This paper is intended to learn from Okushiri Island which was suffered serious damage in 1993 and discusses tsunami as a key hazard which causes disaster. The purpose of this study is 1) to grasp the attributes, disaster experience, evaluation of disaster reconstruction and the consciousness of islanders and 2) to make the structure of evaluation of disaster reconstruction clear. A questionnaire survey for all 1,433 householders on the island was employed in 2015. As a result, self-help and mutual aid were supported as the most strengthening countermeasures against future disasters.

Soil samples in 349  sampling plots were obtained within the LUCAS project in 2009; from these, 205 soil samples were collected in agricultural lands (grasslands, arable lands, grasslands overgrown by trees and shrubs), and 133 soil samples were obtained in forests (deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests), as well as 7 soil samples–in scrublands.

Изменения экономических условий в стране привели к негативным процессам в сельском хозяйстве и особенно в мелиоративно-водохозяйственном комплексе. Это проявляется в резком снижении продуктивности используемых земель и их полной деградации. Устойчивое развитие сельского хозяйства предполагает совершенствование системы природно-мелиоративного мониторинга, которое должно быть направлено на сохранение и восстановление почвенных ресурсов.

Reindeer herding and other traditional means of livelihoods are challenged in numerous ways by modernization and globalization processes today. In my sociological study, I am aiming at uncovering and analyzing the manifold socioeconomic changes and their contextual social and historical links, that influence the present conditions of practicing reindeer herding as a traditional means of livelihood in Finnish Lapland. In addition to focus on land use, my study will give some new understanding of the local environmental management.

Rwanda is currently in transition from a period of emergency to one of development following the 1994 war and genocide. Before the tragic events of 1994, the Agricultural Statistics Division (DSA) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Resources and Forestry (MINAGRI) maintained a comprehensive database of agricultural statistics. The DSA was responsible for providing information on agricultural policy based on annual surveys of rural households. These surveys, which were interrupted in 1994 were resumed in 1999 by the Food Security Research Project (FSRP) and the DSA of MINAGRI.

Since 1995, experiences have been gathered with the calculation of National Greenhouse Gas Inventories in Germany. Because only marginal changes of the total forested area occur in Germany, relevant changes of the balance of greenhouse gases in the forest sector are related to forest management. It was found that the increment of wood by far exceeds the harvested timber volume. Therefore, forests in Germany currently represent a significant sink for carbon (8-9 Mt C per year).