Revue internationale des forts et des industries forestires

《2008年粮食及农业状况》探讨了近年来建立在农产品基础之上的生物燃料生产快速增长所带来的影响。液态生物燃料的兴旺很大程度上是发达国家的政策导致的，因为预期液态生物燃料会对气候变化减缓、能源安全和农业发展做出积极贡献。生产生物燃料对农产品日益增长的需求正对农产品市场产生重大反响，人们日益关注它们对全球亿万人口的粮食安全造成的负面影响。同时，生物燃料对环境的影响也正在得到密切的审视。然而，如果执行适当的政策并进行恰当的投资，生物燃料也为农业和农村发展提供机遇。本报告考察了就生物燃料争论的现状以及关于这些重要问题的现有证据。报告发现，如果要减少与生物燃料相关的风险并更加广范地共享机遇的话，必须在政策改革和农业投资方面做出协调一致的努力。

Los bosques y los árboles respaldan la agricultura sostenible. Estabilizan los suelos y el clima, regulan los flujos de agua, ofrecen sombra y refugio y proporcionan un hábitat a los polinizadores y los depredadores naturales de plagas agrícolas. Asimismo, contribuyen a la seguridad alimentaria de cientos de millones de personas, para quienes constituyen fuentes importantes de alimentos, energía e ingresos. Sin embargo, la agricultura sigue siendo el principal factor de la deforestación a nivel mundial y, a menudo, las políticas agrícolas, forestales y de tierras no casan.

В док ладе 2008 год а о Положении дел в области продовольствия и сельского хозяйства рассматриваются последствия недавнего стремительного роста производства биотоплива на основе сельскохозяйственной продукции. Бум в области жидкого биотоплива в значительной степени обусловлен политикой развитых стран, основанной на представлении о том, что биотопливо внесет позитивный вклад в смягчение последствий изменения климата, достижение энергетической безопасности и развитие сельского хозяйства.

到2050年，全球范围内的粮食产量预计需要再递增70%左右，而在发展中国家这一比例将近100%。面对粮食增产的这一需求，再加上其他领域需求的争夺，使全球许多农业生产系统纷纷置于前所未有的压力之下。这些“濒临系统”正处于愈演愈烈的水土资源大战之中，而且还经常受到不可持续的农耕方式的掣肘。因此，需要对其特别注意并采取具体的救助措施。《世界粮食和农业领域土地及水资源状况》（SOLAW）就这些高危领域如何克服制约因素并改善资源管理探讨了多种方案。在每一个领域，除了要在制度和政策上作出一些列调整外，还必须将其与扩大技术应用结合起来，以获得更好的水土资源管理效果。另外，加大投资力度、提供新型融资机制以及开展国际合作与开发援助也有助于克服这些制约因素。本书作为《世界粮食和农业领域土地及水资源状况》第一期，是对联合国粮食及农业组织出版的其他“世界状况”类报告的一个补充，其旨在揭示国家与国际层面上的论争和决策情况。

This guide on Gender and access to land has been prepared to support land administrators in governments and their counterparts in civil society who are involved in land access and land administration questions in rural development. It is frequently the case that gender issues are left out or misunderstood in such situations, often with negative results. This guide is designed to show where and why gender inclusion is important in projects and programmes that aim at improving land tenure and land administration arrangements.

An international journal of forestry and forest industries

This paper summarizes the good practices by nine selected OECD countries that seek to promote responsible foreign investment in developing country agriculture, primarily by investors in their territory or jurisdiction. The study provides examples of the increasing trend of home countries in establishing binding legal norms and other mechanisms as safeguards that are relevant for agricultural investment.

This paper represents part of an area of work on land tenure in post-conflict situations. An earlier LSP paper explored post-conflict land tenure in the context of sustainable livelihoods (LSP Working Paper 18: Unruh, J. (2004). “Post-conflict land tenure: using a sustainable livelihoods approach”.) The work is complemented by the FAO Land Tenure Studies 8 “Access to rural land and land administration after violent conflicts”.

Abstract not available.

Land Tenure Working Paper 18. Presents the main themes that characterize the governance in land tenure and analyses the aspects related to the evolution of agricultural policy issues in various Central American countries. It also offers some examples and lessons learned from new models of land administration and land access mechanisms that Central American governments and International Cooperation have fostered over the past fifteen years in the Region. Available in Spanish