This paper focuses on mitigating strategies public infrastructures. It's comprises of fours (4) parts. The first part is the background/introduction that gives a comprehensive summary of the topic. The second part highlight experimental evidences from recent literature articles and publications on mitigating strategies and public infrastructures with special emphasis on public infrastructure exposure and vulnerability and the role of adaptive capacity in mitigating the impact of climate change on public infrastructures.

Land degradation is a critical problem around the world. Intensive rain-fed and irrigated crop and livestock systems have contributed to the degradation of land and natural resources.

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is a vast area covering 20 countries from western Asia to North Africa, with nearly 9,000,000 Km2 and 303 million hectares of total rangelands. Rangelands play an essential role in supporting people’s livelihoods and food security. Mobile pastoralism is the most viable and resilient form of production and land use in the fragile drylands of MENA. However, the region’s governments have considered nomadic pastoralism backwards mainly because it was challenging to deliver mobile services.

Centro Terra Viva (CTV) has extensive experience in actions aimed at promoting the defence of communities' rights to land and other natural resources, namely monitoring environmental licensing processes for land-based investments (extractive industry), accompanying resettlement processes, public and community consultations, research and studies in the context of biodiversity protection and conservation, particularly in the areas of conservation, legal assistance and advice, including training programmes.

Les plans d’aménagement simplifiés et les conventions locales sont des approches communautaires et paysagères qui permettent d’oeuvrer sur la tenure de l’eau de manière holistique. Ces approches ont été conçues, testées et analysées par la Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH pour le compte du Ministère Fédéral de la Coopération Economique et du Développement (BMZ) au sein du Projet global de la promotion d’une politique foncière responsable (ProPFR) et du module pays Madagascar.

Les plans d’aménagement simplifiés et les conventions locales sont des approches communautaires et paysagères qui permettent d’oeuvrer sur la tenure de l’eau de manière holistique. Ces approches ont été conçues, testées et analysées par la Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH pour le compte du Ministère Fédéral de la Coopération Economique et du Développement (BMZ) au sein du Projet global de la promotion d’une politique foncière responsable (ProPFR) et du module pays Madagascar.

As part of the Global Programme for Responsible Land Policy (GPRLP), a model for communal land management in the landscape of the Lake Chamo watershed in Southern Ethiopia was designed, tested and analysed by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, together with the project Forest Landscape Restoration and Good Governance in the Forest Sector (Forests4Future), on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ).

The Global Programme “Responsible Land Policy” (GPRLP) is part of the BMZ Special Initiative "Transformation of Agricultural and Food Systems" which aims to reduce extreme poverty and hunger. The GPRLP is implemented by GIZ and has nine country components. Among these, Ethiopia faces a pressing issue with its natural forest landscapes, which have been steadily disappearing. In the early 20th century, forests covered approximately 40% of the country's land, but today, that figure has dwindled to around 4%.