The impacts of climate change in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA), are already well known to farmers. Over 2 million people in Kenya face threat of food insecurity due to climate change. Maize production is particularly vulnerable to climate change. It is projected to face not only 15% climate-related declines in yield without adaptation but also challenges from diminished cropland suitability and poor agronomic inputs and management; degraded environmental bases with declining soil fertility and degraded water systems are already apparent.

This Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) handbook has been developed as a resource material for use by CSA practitioners in providing training, policy advocacy, and upscaling CSA technologies and practices for improving sustainable productivity, adapting to the effects of climate change, and mitigating climate change.

presentation about Bush encroachment that poses a pervasive challenge to Sub-Saharan Africa's rangelands, impacting ecosystem dynamics, biodiversity, and local livelihoods. This study comprehensively analyzes bush encroachment in the region, exploring its causes, impacts, and management strategies. Climate change, driven by global factors like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, intensifies the greenhouse effect, contributing to encroachment. Land use practices, such as overgrazing and invasive species, further spur woody vegetation expansion.

The Gender and Climate Empowerment Index for climate-resilient agriculture is based on four major measurable indicator domains—political, economic, agricultural, and social. Empowerment in relation to climate change relates to degree of vulnerability and ability to respond, recover from and adapt to climate change. In a context of growing climatic risks, appropriate technological solutions together with an empowering social environment are a prerequisite for ensuring food and livelihood security (Hariharan et al., 2020).

Climate change is hitting hardest some of those already most vulnerable, Rapidly exacerbating inequalities, including gender inequality, Climate action is urgently needed – at scale, and with a gender lens, Growing interest in the potential of social protection, Social protection programs reach billions of resource-poor people globally, Existing vast literature suggests substantial potential to support climate resilience – but little evidence framed explicitly around climate (and even less around gendered climate impacts), The Sharm El Sheikh Implementation Plan for COP27 (UNFCCC, 2022)

In recent years, northern Zambia has experienced climate change in the form of droughts and heavy rainfall, threatening the production and livelihoods of small-scale fish farmers. To help them anticipate and adapt their farming practices to changing weather patterns, local and international actors have been disseminating climate-smart information (CSI) mainly through physical trainings, radio broadcasts and roadshows.

Climate change and climate shocks are putting the most vulnerable people at risk, as extreme weather events are becoming more and more intense in many regions of the world. Extreme heat, drought, floods and unpredictable farming seasons are harming farmers and their production systems, threatening their livelihoods. In marginalized and vulnerable populations, aquaculture is a key means for sustaining livelihoods because of its contribution to food security and nutrition, but many fish farmers in Zambia endure unfavorable climates for sustainable fish farming.

For decades, global coffee consumption has grown, as tastes and offerings for consumers have increased around the world, and global demand for coffee will continue to grow in the years to come. At the same time, climate change presents coffee producers and other supply chain actors with major challenges. Its impacts are already reducing the area that is well suited for growing coffee, and this lends urgency to the adoption of farming strategies than can secure future coffee supplies and the livelihoods of coffee-producing families.

This factsheet gives answers on how climate exacerbates root causes of conflict in Guatamala, using a pathway analysis. Two main pathways are identified: 1. Livelihood and Food Insecurity: Climate change impacts may exacerbate socioeconomic conditions leading to vulnerability in households dependent on rain-fed subsistence agriculture, and further contribute to food and livelihood insecurity. This, in turn, may spur economic migration towards urban centres inside and outside the country.

The impacts of climate change in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA), are already well known to farmers. Climate change affects women more negatively compared to men in five impact areas: (i) agricultural production; (ii) food and nutrition security; (iii) health; (iv) water and energy; (v) climate-related disaster, migration, and conflict. Over 2 million people in Kenya face the threat of food insecurity due to climate change. Maize production is particularly vulnerable to climate change.

Smallholder farming in the southern African region is characterised by low agricultural production and productivity, whereas food and nutrition insecurity is characterised by an insecure livelihood activity for most people who depend on it. The challenge confronting the sector is to increase food production and its incomeearning capacity under an increasingly complex climatic environment. Climate change has compounded existing challenges constraining ambition to improve agricultural productivity and the welfare of smallholder farmers even further.