The recognition by the Constitution that all land belongs to the people of Kenya and that such land can be held by the people as communities has sought to correct a historical fallacy that has existed in Kenya since the start of the colonial period. The Colonial Government, introduced laws and policies whose effect was to disregard communal approaches to land ownership and use and instead prefer private land tenure arrangements. The justification for this approach was both juridical and economic.

Determining an appropriate allocation of land between alternative competing uses is a fun-damental problem that continues to be a challenge in many developing countries. Amboseli Ecosystem, one of Kenya’s rangelands has been experiencing changes in its economic activi-ties. Traditionally pastoralism and wildlife conservation has been the key source of livelihood for people in the ecosystem. Crop production is a more recent economic activity being inte-grated in the ecosystem. These changes are attributable to the macro and micro economic, social and demographic factors.