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Ethnic Kazakhs, a mix of Turkic and Mongol nomadic tribes who migrated to the region by the 13th century, were rarely united as a single nation. The area was conquered by Russia in the 18th century, and Kazakhstan became a Soviet Republic in 1936. Soviet policies reduced the number of ethnic Kazakhs in the 1930s and enabled non-ethnic Kazakhs to outnumber natives. During the 1950s and 1960s agricultural "Virgin Lands" program, Soviet citizens were encouraged to help cultivate Kazakhstan's northern pastures. This influx of immigrants (mostly Russians, but also some other deported nationalities) further skewed the ethnic mixture. Non-Muslim ethnic minorities departed Kazakhstan in large numbers from the mid-1990s through the mid-2000s and a national program has repatriated about a million ethnic Kazakhs back to Kazakhstan. These trends have allowed Kazakhs to become the titular majority again. This dramatic demographic shift has also undermined the previous religious diversity and made the country more than 70% Muslim. Kazakhstan's economy is larger than those of all the other Central Asian states largely due to the country's vast natural resources. Current issues include: developing a cohesive national identity, expanding the development of the country's vast energy resources and exporting them to world markets, diversifying the economy, enhancing Kazakhstan's economic competitiveness, and strengthening relations with neighboring states and foreign powers.
Kazakhstan is a presidential republic.
Source: CIA World Factbook
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Displaying 56 - 60 of 69Ministerial Decree No. 511 validating the forms of the land ownership certificates.
The Government decrees to validate the forms of the following land ownership certificates: (a) certificate of private ownership of a plot of land; (b) permanent land use certificate; (c) provisional charged (short-term, long-term) land use (lease); and (d) provisional free of charge land use.
Amended by: Ministerial Decree No. 96 amending Ministerial Decree No. 511 validating the forms of the land ownership certificates. (2010-02-15)
Repeals: Ministerial Decree No. 990 on the state supervision over land use and soil conservation. (2003-09-29)
Law No. 214 on licensing.
This Law regulates relations regarding licensing of some activities. It shall not be applicable to the issuance of licences related to licensing agreement between natural and legal persons. The Act consists of seven Chapters divided into 52 Articles: (1) general provisions; (2) the state licensing system; (3) types of activity; (4) licensing of import and export; (5) licensing terms and conditions; (6) renewal, cancellation and suspension of licences; and (7) final provisions. Licensing terms and conditions shall be equal for all persons complying with the established requirements.
Ministerial Decree No. 726 validating the Regulation on allotment of the plots of land for house-building.
This Ministerial Decree establishes the modalities of allotment free of charge to citizens for house-building of the plots of land of the total area of 0.10 ha. Recurring allotment of the plots of land free of charge to citizens for the aforesaid purpose shall be prohibited. Allotment of the plots of land into ownership to the foreign citizens and stateless persons shall be charged with the application of the use restrictions.
Ministerial Decree No. 943 validating the Regulation on reservation of the plots of land for setting up and expansion of protected areas.
This Ministerial Decree regards reservation of the plots of land for setting up and expansion of the regional and local protected areas which shall be carried out in accordance with the program of the development of protected areas and ecological networks by decision of the regional and local executive powers. Territorial branches of authorized environmental institution shall draw up proposals and submit application to the local executive powers regarding reservation of the plots of land destined for protected areas.
Ministerial Decree No. 1140 on land transactions.
This Ministerial Decree shall be applicable to land auctions regarding sale of the plots of public land or the lease right thereto and regarding the plots of non-allotted public land. Kazakhstan nationals and private legal persons shall be authorized to participate in land auctions prior registration while foreign natural and legal persons, and stateless persons shall be authorized to participate in land auctions exclusively if the aforesaid persons have the right to own or to have the right of lease of the plots of land destined for sale in accordance with land legislation.