It has often been stated that land fragmentation and farm structures characterized by small agricultural holdings and farms divided in a large number of parcels have been the side-effect of land reform in Central and Eastern Europe. This article reports the findings of a study of land reform in 25 countries in the region from 1989 and onwards and provides an overview of applied land reform approaches. With a basis in theory on land fragmentation, the linkage between land reform approaches and land fragmentation is explored.

Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. The term “food security” is used to describe food availability, access, and use at many levels, including the global, national, local, household, and intra household levels.

The increasing importance of the Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) in Tanzania, where 17 WMAs are now functioning and 22 others are in various stages of development, begs the question of what successes have been achieved and what challenges remain to be addressed if this Community-Based Conservation model is to be sustained and even scaled up. There has not been a country-wide evaluation of WMAs since the pilot-phase evaluation in 2007 at a time when most WMAs were too new to yield firm projections for the long term.

The right to Compensation for the compulsory acquisition of real property is constitutional and most enabling laws prescribe valuation methods to be adopted in determining the compensation payable. This paper aims at ascertaining the implications of the constitutional provisions and its impact on the compensation payable. It reviews some legislation, prescribed compensation rates and a valuation report on the Obite- Ubeta- Rumuekpe (OUR) pipeline acquisition and analyses the valuation method used.

The future is increasingly urban and inevitably so. Urbanisation is increasing at unprecedented rate in both Sub-Saharan Africa and developing world (UN Habitat, 1999). Alongside this rapid expansion comes the emergence of the peri-urban areas that are characterised of increasing intensification and co-existence of urban and rural areas, marked by dynamic flows of commodities, capital, natural resources, people and environmental pollution.

Developing countries are facing a number of challenges in search of development. Various policies and strategies have been formulated and many are already in the process of implementation in different countries. Among the policies are National Land Policies (NLP).

The history of surveys and mapping in Tanzania has been influenced by two European cultures through its colonization; first by the German and then by the British. During the German Administration, surveys and mapping activities were carried out by the Department of Surveys and Agriculture from 1893 to 1914. When the British took over the mandate for the territory after World War I, the also used the “old” German maps until when they when they started the surveys to produce other topographic maps from 1946. In 1961, the Surveys and Mapping Division was created.

This report presents findings from the first agricultural policy review conducted by the Monitoring African Food and Agricultural Policies (MAFAP) project in the United Republic of Tanzania. The report reviews key economic issues and the main policy decisions affecting the agricultural sector. In particular, it focuses on price incentives and disincentives faced by farmers and consumers of nine agricultural commodities which make up a significant part of agricultural production, imports, exports and diet.

El presente trabajo científico evalúa los dos enfoques Fome Zero de Brasil y Oportunidades de México como estrategia para mejorar la seguridad alimentaria. El análisis muestra varias diferencias, pero también similtudes significativas en las estructuras económicas, sociales y ambientales que existen entre ambos países. El análisis se lleva a cabo tomando en cuenta las bases de la producción agrícola actual y de las estructuras de importación/exportación de ambos países.

This report shows that while more inclusive growth is the ultimate solution to poverty in Lesotho, the country can and should use selective social transfers to reduce poverty more rapidly among the extreme poor. But because the majority of the transfers are received by people who are not among the extreme poor there is room for increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of spending on safety nets which. These programs should be productive and concentrate on the extreme poor Basotho.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: "This assessment of the rural Dry Zone reveals the
nutrition situation to be a concern, with high
rates of wasting and medium rates of stunting, high rates of low birth weight and high rates
of undernutrition among mothers; particularly
those who are pregnant and/or lactating. The
pattern of indicators suggests that flood plains and irrigated areas are best off,
and the
highlands may be worst,
but the situation is far from acceptable in the Dry Zone as a whole.