Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is able to grow and complete its life cycle while being rooted in highly saline soils. Which of the many well-known salt-tolerance strategies are combined to fine-tune this remarkable resilience is unknown. The precise location, whether in the shoot or the root, where these strategies are employed remains uncertain, leaving us unaware of how the various known salt-tolerance mechanisms are integrated to fine-tune this remarkable resilience.

The methodology is applicable to measures that reduce anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in rice-cropping soils. Such measures include changing the water regime during the cultivation period from continuously to intermittently flooded conditions and/or a shortened period of flooded conditions, using the alternate wetting and drying method, adopting aerobic rice cultivation methods, and switching from transplanted to direct-seeded rice (DSR). This methodology can be applied to large and small-scale or micro-scale projects or PoAs.

This chapter reviews some of the book’s overarching themes and main findings. Overarching themes include the recognition of persistent hardship and inequality, particularly in the Afghan portions of the basins and substantial knowledge gaps that need to be filled to address existing challenges. Key threads relate to trends in demography, climate, land and water use, and institutions that may accentuate challenges. The chapter concludes that more than incremental change will be needed to support the progress necessary to provide a basic level of human development.

Two remote-sensing datasets were used to estimate land and water use in the Kabul, Kurram and Gomal transboundary basins shared between Afghanistan and Pakistan. The proportion of different land-cover classes within these three basins was estimated. Barren land and rangeland form the largest block of land-cover classes owing to the prevailing semi-arid conditions. Domestic water use ranges from 21.2 million m3 (mcm) in Gomal to 554 mcm in Kabul and 106 mcm in the Kurram. Due to the lack of data, industrial water use was assumed to be one quarter of domestic water use.

Presentation of initial results of ClimBeR orchard biodiversification case study, as a climate smart and soil and water conservation practice during the 3rd African Congress on Conservation Agriculture held in Morocco in June 2023.

Africa is one of the lowest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions causing climate change, yet key development sectors
have already experienced widespread losses and damages attributable to human-induced climate change, including biodiversity loss, water shortages, reduced food production, loss of lives and reduced economic growth (high confidence).

Tilapia hatcheries are the most common type of fish hatchery in Egypt, as well as many other countries
globally. Their success has helped supply fish farms with quality tilapia seed, which in turn has increased
farmed fish production in many parts of the world. With the fish farming industry growing so quickly,
however, tilapia hatcheries must improve the quality of their seed production for fish farmers to maintain
their profit margins.
To this end, these guidelines document the most optimal, locally appropriate, management practices for

Increased reliance on fertilizers and pesticides in rice production has proven unsustainable and ineffective due to soil depletion and pesticide-induced pest outbreaks, rising fertilizer costs, and the negative effects of pesticide and fertilizer use on human health and the environment. The integrated rice-fish system offers a large range of environmental, economic, and social benefits by improving diversification, intensification, profitability, and sustainability through the complementary utilization of land and water uses.

We are pleased to report that NEXUS Gains has made substantial progress since its launch in April 2022, as outlined in our annual technical report. Energy, food production, and ecosystems are driven by water, which is central to our nexus approach. To ensure the sustainability of the program, we have invested considerable time in building teams and partnerships in our target basins. We have also made substantial progress in building water–energy–food–environment (WEFE) knowledge and capacities, and women’s leadership capacities.

The Department of Crop Production coordinated with the International Rice Research Institute in Vietnam to develop this technical guideline for rice-producing provinces in the Red River Delta. The guideline focused on reducing inputs, improving efficiency, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to climate change for rice production.