Land consolidation and land exchange are two important measures that can be used to improve the spatial structure of farm holdings. Unfortunately, land cannot be consolidated and exchanged in all villages of a given area simultaneously, due to economic, technical, and social considerations. Instead, an analysis has to be carried out, which allows one to rank the villages with regard to how urgently they need consolidation and exchange of land.

Soil quality is one of the most important factors determining the potential for obtaining a high profit from farming. The agricultural quality of soils is described by soil quality classes, and the suitability of soils for growing particular plants or plant communities is described in terms of soil-agricultural complexes. A unified soil classification has been developed for the entire area of Poland, which takes into account the morphological features and physical properties of Polish soils.

Land management and improvement of computer technologies in land use are one of the most important tasks of the state; their effective implementation is closely linked to the widespread implementation of modern achievements of information technology. The achievement of the maximum transparency of the processes is vital in the field of geo-information and spatial data resources during increasing the reliability and manageability of the infrastructure.

The article discusses on the basic concepts of land relations. The analysis of the dynamics of the level of rent for the use of the land (a share), and is defined by its share in the structure of household income in rural areas is carried out. Conclusions on the welfare of the rural population are done. For the regions of Ukraine, which is not significantly different industrial and production potential, but have favourable natural resource factors for socio-economic rise, the use of land resources is an extremely important part of the development of economic complex.

One of the areas of strategic development plans of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the implementation of the provisions of the Land Code is to ensure the sustainable use and conservation of land resources through the formation of highly productive, ecologically oriented and adapted land use, through improved economic mechanisms of land management and state control over observance of the land legislation.