Urban agriculture contributes to local
economic development, poverty alleviation, the social
inclusion of the urban poor and women, as well as to the
greening of the city and the productive reuse of urban
wastes. Urban agriculture encompasses a wide variety of
production systems in both urban as well as peri-urban
areas. This study examines the contribution of urban
agriculture to livelihoods, food security, health, and the

After five consecutive years of robust growth, the total value of the global carbon market stalled at $142 billion. Suffering from the lack of post-2012 regulatory clarity, the value of the primary Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) market fell by double-digits for the third year in a row, ending lower than it was in 2005, the first year of the Kyoto protocol. The Assigned Amount Unit (AAU) and the United States Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) markets shrank as well.

This workbook is intended to help policy
makers in developing countries plan for a safer future in
urban areas in the face of natural disasters and the
consequences of climate change. It is based on the
experiences of three cities in Vietnam, Can Tho, Dong Hoi,
and Hanoi, that worked with international and local experts
under World Bank supervision to develop local resilience
action plans (LRAPs) in 2009-10. An LRAP is a detailed

Woodfuels (firewood and charcoal) are
the dominant energy source and the leading forest product
for most developing countries. Representing 60 to 80 percent
of total wood consumption in these nations, woodfuels often
account for 50 to 90 percent of all energy used. Although
woodfuels are widely perceived as cheap and primitive
sources of energy, commercial woodfuel markets are
frequently very large, involve significant levels of

Urban sources of greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions in Brazilian cities are growing. At the national
level, the dominance of greenhouse gas emissions from
deforestation in Brazil masks the fact that emissions from
other sectors, like Energy, Transport and Waste, are growing
quite rapidly in cities. Compared to other cities around the
world, Brazilian cities have low per capita GHG emissions
because of the high level of renewable energy production;

Cities and the people who live in them
account for more than 80 percent of the world's total
greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, more than 80 percent
of the overall annual global costs of adaptation to climate
change are estimated to be borne by urban areas. This issues
brief looks at potential financing opportunities and costs
of mitigation and adaptation in the urban context.
Wide-ranging potential sources for finance for climate

This Policy Note discusses the status of
Forestry in the Middle East and North Africa Region (MNA) of
the Bank. The Policy Note is a product of the FAO Investment
Center in Rome, the International Food Policy Research
Institute (IFPRI) and the Bank. Experience in natural
resource management shows that to adequately address
sustainable development, solutions must go beyond any single
sector, and be cross-sectoral. They must also go beyond

Given the monumental challenges facing today's world - widespread poverty, urban blight, illiteracy, tropical deforestation and the threat of nuclear war, to name only a few - it may seem quite irrelevant to devote an issue of Unasylva to the rather tame-sounding subject of urban forestry. To millions of homeless or starving or unemployed people in the urban centres of the developing world, how important can urban forestry really be? In truth, urban forestry, as sometimes practiced, does tend to benefit the well-to-do at the expense of the underprivileged.

En el presente nmero de Unasylva se analiza la situacin forestal en las zonas urbanas y se estudia su aporte potencial a la elevacin de los niveles de vida de los habitantes en distintos escenarios urbanos.

Les grands arbres urbains sont d’excellents filtres pour les polluants urbains et les particules fines. Un arbre peut absorber jusqu’à 150 kg de CO2 par an, séquestrer du carbone et par conséquent, atténuer les changements climatiques Les arbres fournissent des habitats, de la nourriture et une protection pour les plantes et les animaux, augmentant la biodiversité urbaine. Planter des arbres aujourd’hui est essentiel pour les générations futures!

도시에서 큰 나무는 오염물질과 미세먼지를 제거하는데 매우 효과적입니다. 나무 한 그루는 공기중의 이산화탄소를 150kg까지 흡수할 수 있어 기후변화를 완화하는 데 기여할 수 있습니다. 나무들은 식물과 동물에게 서식처와 음식을 제공하고 보호함으로써 도시 생물다양성을 증진시킵니다. 미래 세대를 위해 지금 나무를 심어야 합니다.

Los grandes árboles de las ciudades son excelentes filtros para los contaminantes urbanos y las pequeñas partículas. Un árbol puede absorber hasta 150 kg de CO2 al año, secuestrar carbono y en consecuencia mitigar el cambio climático. Los árboles proporcionan habitat, alimentos y protección a plantas y animales, aumentando la biodiversidad urbana. ¡Plantar árboles hoy es clave para las generaciones futuras!