Political Economy Analysis Of How Corruption Affects Climate Change Adaptation And Mitigation. A Case Study Of The Forest And Land Use Sectors Of Ghana

In Cameroon, the pressure on wetlands, which cover nearly 70% of the national territory, appears to be increasing, whether for subsistence needs, firewood, grazing, logging or expansion of development projects. Currently, in terms of land use, forest has decreased by 619 km² and cultivated land has increased by 321 km². The surface area of degraded forests and land is estimated at around 12 million hectares, with a general trend towards an increase in the phenomenon due to both natural and anthropogenic factors.

This study focuses on evaluating the impacts of eucalyptus tree plantations and other tree species on various aspects such as agricultural production, water resources, soil nutrients, natural forests, and biodiversity in the Sidama National Regional State (SNRS) of Ethiopia. While eucalyptus plantations have been acknowledged for sustaining local livelihoods, concerns have arisen regarding their adverse effects on water quantity and quality, soil fertility, biodiversity, and crop productivity.

This working paper focuses on analyzing the dynamics of the peanut value chain in Senegal and identifying entry points to enhance its resilience. Using an innovative Group Model Building approach, the study explores the complexities of the chain, which is central to Senegalese agriculture, covering 40% of the total cultivated area.

Changes in land use and land cover (LULC) are a major concern in Ethiopia. It has a significant impact on the environment, food and feed availability, and other ecosystem services and products for present and future generations. The effects of LULC change are particularly more pronounced in the highlands of Ethiopia, where the majority of the country’s cultivated land and livestock grazing occur, and competition between different land use decisions is a major concern.

Land degradation is a severe environmental problem in the northern and northwestern Ethiopian highlands. As a response to increasing land degradation, rehabilitation of degraded grazing lands through exclosures (exclusion of farmers and domestic animals) has been undertaken. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 11 and 8-year exclosures in improving degraded landscapes in the Karita-Wuha and Dengora watersheds. It was assumed that the conditions on communal grazing lands at the time of the investigation corresponded to those at the establishment of exclosures.

Ethiopia's highland mixed crop-livestock farming system is one of the country's primary agricultural systems, where crop and livestock production is integrated. However, Ethiopia's mixed farming system, which is dominated by resource-poor smallholder farmers, is frequently confronted with feed shortages and land degradation in the form of soil erosion and nutrient depletion, resulting in low agricultural production. Assuring sustainable agricultural output (both from crop and livestock sub-sector) in the mixed crop-livestock system is becoming a key challenge.

Watershed based integrated land management is a recent approach to curb land degradation in Ethiopia and introduced in 2012 in Geda watershed, central highlands of Ethiopia. However, the impacts of the interventions on indicators of some ecosystem services were not assessed. The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of the interventions on soil properties, soil moisture content and water discharge, plant species richness, biomass production and carbon stock by comparing treated site with integrated land management measures and the adjacent untreated site.

The Sahel region holds both challenges and opportunities for smallholder agriculture/agropastoralism. Market opportunities for food producers in the region have improved due to population growth, urbanization, income growth, dietary diversification and higher output prices.

Land degradation is rampant in Africa, accounting for 46% of the total land area. Land degradation at the current pace is projected to render more than half of the cultivated land in Africa unusable by 2050. Land degradation and climate change mutually reinforce each other, creating serious implications for food security, biodiversity and livelihoods in Africa. Effective early warning systems are an essential and important alert mechanism for addressing land degradation.

Monitoring land degradation (LD) to inform the sustainable development goal (SDG) 15.3.1 (\proportion of land that is degraded over total land area") is key to ensure a more sustainable future. At the moment, there are only default medium-resolution datasets available to assess LD in Tanzania. They do not reflect local characteristics and cannot help to target exposed areas spatially.

The importance of equity has been emphasized in climate change, biodiversity loss, land degradation, and ecosystem restoration. However, equity implications are rarely considered explicitly in restoration projects. Although the role of equity has been studied in the context of biodiversity conservation and environmental governance, environmental variables are often ignored in equity studies, and spatial analyses of equity are lacking.