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Library Ecological consequences of the expansion of N₂-fixing plants in cold biomes

Ecological consequences of the expansion of N₂-fixing plants in cold biomes

Ecological consequences of the expansion of N₂-fixing plants in cold biomes

Resource information

Date of publication
December 2014
Resource Language
ISBN / Resource ID
AGRIS:US201400135187
Pages
11-24

Research in warm-climate biomes has shown that invasion by symbiotic dinitrogen (N₂)-fixing plants can transform ecosystems in ways analogous to the transformations observed as a consequence of anthropogenic, atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition: declines in biodiversity, soil acidification, and alterations to carbon and nutrient cycling, including increased N losses through nitrate leaching and emissions of the powerful greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N₂O). Here, we used literature review and case study approaches to assess the evidence for similar transformations in cold-climate ecosystems of the boreal, subarctic and upper montane-temperate life zones. Our assessment focuses on the plant genera Lupinus and Alnus, which have become invasive largely as a consequence of deliberate introductions and/or reduced land management. These cold biomes are commonly located in remote areas with low anthropogenic N inputs, and the environmental impacts of N₂-fixer invasion appear to be as severe as those from anthropogenic N deposition in highly N polluted areas. Hence, inputs of N from N₂ fixation can affect ecosystems as dramatically or even more strongly than N inputs from atmospheric deposition, and biomes in cold climates represent no exception with regard to the risk of being invaded by N₂-fixing species. In particular, the cold biomes studied here show both a strong potential to be transformed by N₂-fixing plants and a rapid subsequent saturation in the ecosystem’s capacity to retain N. Therefore, analogous to increases in N deposition, N₂-fixing plant invasions must be deemed significant threats to biodiversity and to environmental quality.

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Authors and Publishers

Author(s), editor(s), contributor(s)

Hiltbrunner, Erika
Aerts, Rien
Bühlmann, Tobias
Huss-Danell, Kerstin
Magnusson, Borgthor
Myrold, David D.
Reed, Sasha C.
Sigurdsson, Bjarni D.
Körner, Christian

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