Es un hecho innegable que las mujeres en Panamá, al igual que en otros países del mundo, han contado con poca participación histórica en la tenencia de tierras. La cultura patriarcal predominante generó relaciones entre hombres y mujeres jerarquizadas, desiguales, inequitativas y discriminantes. Esto excluyó ayer y hoy a muchas mujeres de la propiedad de la tierra, dificultando el acceso a oportunidades y la generación de ingresos propios.

Históricamente América Central es una región con importantes niveles de inequidad en la distribución y uso de los recursos naturales. Estos niveles de inequidades, partes de procesos económico socios y políticos (concentración de las cadenas de valores, agricultura de escala industrial apoyada por políticas publicas hacia los mercados de exportación), han generado algunas problemáticas relacionadas a la gobernanza de los recursos y su tenencia, tanto para la población como para los ecosistemas que sustentan en gran medida el crecimiento económico de los países de la región.

El presente documento es el resultado de un estudio multidisciplinario sobre las consecuencias de los proyectos de regularización de la tenencia de la tierra ejecutados en el ámbito rural de Petén patrocinados por diferentes donantes externos y por el mismo Gobierno de Guatemala.

ABSTRACT African culture and tradition on matrilineal land ownership are on the verge of disappearing. Land ownership in rural communities remains an important cultural dimension to secure livelihoods, economic growth, and sustainable development. Gender relations continue to interfere culture and tradition of matrilineal communities. Migration has changed the community and influenced the land ownership transformation from women to men.

The Framework and Guidelines on Land Policy in Africa endorsed through the adoption of the African Union Declaration on Land Issues and Challenges by the African Heads of States in 2009 is having “a strong gender component which aims at “strengthening security of land tenure for women which require special attention” and “ensuring that land laws provide for equitable access to land and related resources”.

Land in Ethiopia is held by the state and the people; while landholders guaranteed a lifetime ‘holding’ right (any right except sell and mortgage per se). Women have equal rights to men in the formal legal system, despite, in pastoral areas, women’s land rights are highly influenced by religious and customary systems: rights are meaningless unless they are socially recognized and effectively enforced. Studies on women’s land rights comparing between formal and customary land laws are rare.

Context and background:Land is a source of wealth in terms of the economic and socio-cultural value it represents. Land resources are the basis of any economic activity or development project, which is why they are at the centre of multiple covetousness. However, social exclusion leads to numerous land conflicts observed in Cameroon.Goal and objectives:This study therefore aims to show how social exclusion can cause and sustain land disputes in Cameroon.

This report provides an overview of land administration and certification efforts in Ethiopia, focusing on the Second-Level Land Certification (SLLC) program. As the most populous landlocked country in the world, Ethiopia's economy heavily relies on agriculture, making land tenure security and sustainable management crucial for livelihoods and food security.

From the DEI Working Group[1]

Abstract