This study identifies several factors
that inhibit efficiency improvements in the farming sector,
both in themselves and through the dynamics of their mutual
interaction. The study observes that incentives faced in the
labor market have important implications for the land
structure and, and in many ways, are at the heart of the
problem of low labor productivity in agriculture. The study
finds that, while rural households are increasingly

The Lake Chad Climate resilience action
plan outlines the concept that there is a need to turn Lake
Chad into a rural hub for regional development in parallel
to the restoration of peace and security. The Plan intends
to contribute significantly to food security, employment,
and the social inclusion of the youth by improving, in a
sustainable way, the living conditions of populations
settled on the Lake’s banks and islands as well as the

The study represents a background study
for the proposed Uganda Country Economic Memorandum (CEM),
which seeks to address the issue of efficient use of oil
resources and examine synergies between the oil industry and
the rest of the economy, through growth poles or linkages.
The oil industry can help Uganda to promote robust growth in
the economy. However, it is important to keep in mind that
it will take a number of years until oil revenues start

This report is on possible improvements
on management of revenues from auctioning of European Union
Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) allowances and use of
flexibility mechanisms in Romania. The principal objective
of this report is to propose improvements on management of
revenue from the auctioning of EU ETS allowances, as well as
describe possible use of flexibility mechanisms in Romania,
in order to mobilize and enable both public and private

Colombia has made impressive strides in
reducing poverty and promoting shared prosperity during the
last decade. Extreme poverty fell from 17.7 percent in 2002
to 8.1 percent in 2014, while total poverty (including
moderate poverty) fell from 49.7 percent in 2002 to 29.5
percent in 2014. The decline implies that 6.2 million people
left poverty in the period. The multidimensional poverty
rate, which takes into account education, health, labor,

The lessons learned from the
implications of the global crisis for the Armenian economy
led the Government of Armenia to refine its approach to
economic development policy. The business environment, the
market structure, and the incentive pattern had not fostered
reallocation of resources into more productive areas or the
emergence of internationally competitive products and
services. Despite numerous initiatives and multiple efforts,

In support of the Climate Change and Low
Carbon Green Growth Program of Romania (LCGGP), the World
Bank has prepared the current report with the aim of helping
the Romanian Government to operationalize the strategic path
chosen by the country for implementing its National Climate
Change and Low Carbon Green Growth Strategy 2016-20302
(NSCC) and the associated 2016-2020 Action Plan for Climate
Change (APCC). This includes some relevant institutional

Situated in a fertile low-lying river
delta, Bangladesh combines high vulnerability to floods,
tropical cyclones, earthquakes, and climate change with one
of the world’s highest population densities, with around 159
million people living in less than 150,000 sq. km. With the
world’s second lowest per capita income in 1975, it was
labeled ‘the test case for development’ in view of the
formidable development challenges it faced. Nevertheless,

The Country Policy and Institutional
Assessment (CPIA) Africa report describes the progress
African countries are making on strengthening the quality of
their policies and institutions. Some of the results from
this report include: The overall quality of policies and
institutions in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa was
unchanged in 2014, but there was much variation in
performance across countries. More than half the countries

Maldives is an island nation scattered
in the Indian Ocean comprising 1,190 small coral islands of
which 190 are inhabited by a local population of 341,000.
Maldives’ unique archipelagic coral island provides the
country with an extremely rich and diverse marine ecological
system. With more territorial sea than land, marine
resources have played a vital role shaping the contours of
economic development, with nature-based tourism being the

For more than a decade, Africa has enjoyed a mineral boom. is the growth mostly happening in isolated places, sectors and periods? The approach adopted in this study is two-pronged. First, through case studies, including the results of fieldwork, mining’s impacts are examined in a country-specific context for each of three countries, Ghana, Mali, and Tanzania; and second, a statistical analysis is used to test whether the indicators of welfare improve with proximity to a mine.

This report analyzes global prospects
for fisheries and aquaculture. The World Bank Group (WBG)
Agriculture Action Plan 2013-15 summarizes critical
challenges facing the global food and agriculture sector. An
ever-increasing global population necessitates adequate food
and nutrition for the growing population through increased
production and reduced waste. Production increase must occur
in a context where resources necessary for food production,