La vie rurale et de d'action communautaire en tant que moyen de promouvoir le développement economique et social des populations rurales avec leur participation effective.

This report is the first in a series of research studies that the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) will produce with a view to improving the understanding of the links between land tenure systems and sustainable development in Africa. In a continent where 80 percent of the population relies on agriculture for their livelihood, the formulation and implementation of appropriate land policies is a paramount factor in poverty reduction strategies. Research is therefore needed to help policymakers take learned decisions when addressing land tenure issues.

Les premiers propriétaires de terres au Ghana sont les chefs

locaux. Les families et les particuliers possedent aussi des terres, dont les titres de propriète sont établis par les chefs.

Les terres agricoles plates sont dans les pays en voie de développement la principale ressource de l’économie. Il importe que ces terres soient à la fois cartographies et divisées en parcelles convenablement délimitées.

Cependant la plupart des pays intéressés ont grand besoin de cartes exactes; certains en manquent même totalement. Dans ce cas, il serait déraisonnable de réaliser des levés et des cartes classiques pour délimiter les terres.

As in many of the States of Equatorial-Africa, Chad's system of public

and private land tenure is based on the French decree of 28 March 1699 and on the subsequent modifying texts. This system has not been very successful and Africans have proudly clung on to their respective "concessions", because they enjoyed a material hold over the land (habitation, farming, grazing, fishing m -certain water courses), until i960 and beyond.

This paper is a continuation of a study started in 1963 on major cadastral surveys in the Sudan. Plat agricultural land in developing countries is the main source of economy. It is required that this land be both mapped and demarcated-divided into agricultural plots. However, most of these countries are in a very bad need of reliable maps; some of them have no maps whatsoever. To perform the conventional surveys and maps in order to demarcate the land would be unrealistic in such case.

በግብርና ስራ ላይ የሚውል ኢንቨስትመንት በምግብ ራስን አለመቻልንና ድህነትን ለመቀነስ እጅጉን አስፈላጊ ነው፡፡ ከ2000 ዓ.ም ጀምሮ በታዳጊ አገሮች ውስጥ የእርሻ ቦታ ተፈላጊነት በከፍተኛ ደረጃ ጨምሯል፡፡ በዚህ አኳያ መሬት አጉዋጊ መስህብነት ያለው ቋሚ ንብረት ተደርጐ ይወሰዳል፡፡ በማህበራዊ ዘርፍ ረገድ በመሬት ላይ የሚደረጉ ኢንቨስትመንቶች ቅይጥ ውጤቶችን አምጥተዋል፡፡ እንደነዚህ ያሉ ኢንቨስትመንቶች የአንዱን አካባቢ ማህበረሰቦች ተጠቃሚ የማድረግ አቅም አላቸው፡፡ ይህም አነስተኛ አቅም ያላቸው ገበሬዎች የካፒታል፡ የቴክኖሎጂ፣ የእውቀትና የግብይት ቦታዎች አቅራቦት እንዲኖራቸው በማድረግ ነው፡፡ ከዚሁ ጐን ለጐን የላቀ ኢኮኖሚያዊ እምርታ እና የግብርና ምርታማነትን የመሳሰሉ ጠቀሜታዎችን ማግኘት ያስችላሉ፡፡ ቢሆንም እነዚህ ኘሮጅክቶች ብዙ ግዜ የአካባቢውን ነዋሪዎች መብቶቻቸውን እንዲያጡና መሬታቸውንና በመሰል የተፈጥሮ ሃብቶችም መ ጠቀም እ ንዳይችሉ በ ማድረግ ለ ተጐጂነት ይ ዳርጉዋቸዋል፡፡ እ ንደዚሁም በ ምግብ ዋስትናና በገጠር ነ

Interactive guide to the VGGT

This Guide is complementary to the Interlaken Group's 'Respecting Land and Forest Rights: a Guide for Companies'. It provides guidance on what companies can do to reduce risk through improve tenure governance in land-based investment, reflecting the principles of responsible governance of land tenure set out in the VGGT. It provides a more manageable presentation of the VGGT, along with steps to ensure that a company acts consistently with them and includes thorough due diligence on the tenure rights of project-affected communities.

Landscope is a system for measuring tenure risk, a term created to describe the financial risk associated with local opposition to a real asset. This kind of opposition to investments is very common across Africa, Asia and Latin America, often causing significant financial losses and operational headaches. It applies a new approach to analysing geospatial data about social, environmental and political issues that is designed to help companies and investors in emerging and frontier markets to prepare a proper assessment of tenure risk at project, supply chain or portfolio level.

Key messages: