Context and background The mastery and control of rural areas remain a challenge for both landowners and the Burkinabe State. The major agricultural production basins, particularly areas with high exploitation of lowlands, experience permanent changes in production actors and land management strategies. This leads to the establishment of a multitude of access and exploitation rules aimed at better controlling all production chains. Therefore, what are the set of rules and principles that govern the exploitation of lowland in the study area?

Context and backgroundDespite a social recomposition marked by the abolition of slavery and the emancipation of the layers of servile origin, access to land ownership rights for descendants of servile origin is far from guaranteed in Mauritania. Customary law based on Islamic jurisprudence stands up to the law of 1960 and the decrees of 1983 and previous legal reforms; in short, the modern legal arsenal does not elucidate, justify or facilitate equitable access of the descendants of the former servile strata to land like other landless Mauritanian communities.

Context and planMauritania has immense land reserves. Its national land bank is estimated at 502,000 ha, more than enough to promote agribusiness and achieve food self-sufficiency. However, the rural sector only contributes 17% of GDP and employs 21% of the working population.  Since the 1970s, agriculture has been unable to take off and make up the shortfall in food products (wheat, cereals, pulses, fruit, etc.) on the national market.

Despite being an increasingly important source of genes for crop breeding aimed at improv-
ing food security and climate change adaptation, crop wild relatives (CWRs) are globally threatened.
A root cause of CWR conservation challenges is a lack of institutions and payment mechanisms by
which the beneficiaries of CWR conservation services (such as breeders) could compensate those
who can supply them. Given that CWR conservation generates important public good values, for the

For over a decade, rural Lao households have been undergoing a transformation from subsistence-oriented production systems to agricultural commercialization, facilitated by a series of Lao government policies opening the economy to international markets coupled with improved connectivity. The extent and depth of this process is accelerating, particularly in upland (non-paddy) farming systems that were formerly part of a swidden landscape.

Land ownership has long been argued to enhance farm productivity by improving tenure security. But does this hold for both female and male owners? Few studies have empirically examined the relationship between gender, landownership, and productivity globally, and even fewer have done so for Asia. Gender differences in the likelihood of landowners self-cultivating as opposed to leasing out their land are even less explored.

Research since the 1990s highlights the importance of tenure rights for sustainable natural resource management, and for alleviating poverty and enhancing nutrition and food security for the 3.14 billion rural inhabitants of less-developed countries who rely on forests and agriculture for their livelihoods. Which rights or combination of rights an individual, household, or community has affects whether they have access to land and resources, as well as how those can be used and for how long. Equally important is the degree to which landholders perceive their tenure to be secure.

The Athi Kapiti conservancies and ranches wildlife game count was conducted on 4th June 2023. The count aimed at establishing the current wildlife population and spatial distribution in the Athi Kapiti landscape following concerns raised by landowners of declined wildlife populations in the area after a severe drought and increased human activities. Subsequent counts will help in identifying wildlife trends and possible impacts of the expanding and continuous anthropogenic activities that peril wildlife existence in the landscape.