When contracts are incomplete, relationship-specific investments may be underprovided due to the threat of opportunistic expropriation or holdup. The authors find evidence of such underinvestment on tenanted land in rural Pakistan. Using data from households cultivating multiple plots under different tenure arrangements, they show that land-specific investment is lower on leased plots. This result is robust to the possible effects of asymmetric information in the leasing market. Greater tenure security also increases land-specific investment on leased plots.

This report examines the question of
land titling in Madagascar, a country where modern and
informal tenure systems coexist and overlap to a significant
extent. The report reviews three main arguments for land
titling and their relevance for Madagascar in order to
provide policy implications and evaluations. The first is
that land titling serves as protection against
expropriation. Second, titles may also facilitate land

The Indonesia Economic Quarterly (IEQ)
has two main aims. First, it reports on the key developments
over the past three months in Indonesia’s economy, and
places these in a longerterm and global context. Based on
these developments, and on policy changes over the period,
the IEQ regularly updates the outlook for Indonesia’s
economy and social welfare. Second, the IEQ provides a more
in-depth examination of selected economic and policy issues,

This paper uses a rural household survey
dataset collected in 2006 and 2008 to investigate the impact
of a market-based land resettlement project in southern
Malawi. The program provided a conditional cash and land
transfer to poor families to relocate to larger plots of
farm land. The average treatment effect of the program is
estimated using a difference-in-difference matching
technique based on propensity score matching; qualitative

The World Bank Group’s investment
climate project conducted a survey of foreign investors in
the Kyrgyz Republic - both those currently operating and
those that have terminated their operations for various
reasons. The purpose of the survey was to assess selected
aspects of the investment policy and legal environment in
place in the Kyrgyz Republic, so as to determine whether the
current regulations are investment-conducive or otherwise.

This toolkit serves as a guide to help
project leaders in working with client governments to
attract concrete agribusiness investments that create jobs,
reduce poverty, and develop value chains in an
environmentally and socially sustainable way. However, the
toolkit can be used by anyone working to attract sustainable
private investment to a developing a country s agribusiness
sector. These may be public officials, development

Cities exist, grow, and prosper because
they take advantage of scale economies and specialization
wrought by agglomeration. But output growth inevitably
stresses transport infrastructure because production
requires space and mobility. To prevent congestion from
crowding out agglomeration benefits and to expand the supply
of urban land, cities must invest in transport
infrastructure. Building more infrastructures, especially

Fragile and conflict-affected situations
might appear incapable of attracting significant flows of
foreign investment due to their often negative international
images and weak enabling environments. However, during the
last eight years, foreign investment into these economies
has grown almost three times more quickly than flows into
the rest of the world, albeit from a very low starting
point. Untapped natural resources, reconstruction needs, and

A development response to forced
displacement in the Sahel requires a regional approach. Such
an approach would have the benefits of being able to: (i)
overcome challenges relating to cross--- border movements,
(ii) obtain commitments by host governments to support the
prospects of displaced from neighboring countries and (iii)
facilitate common approaches, shared conceptualization and
learning. A regional approach will be appropriate in the

The Sahel region has seen the forcible
displacement of more than million persons as a result of
conflict. Tackling displacement in the Sahel is critical for
both poverty alleviation and stabilization, and only a
development response will be adequate to the task. A
development response to forced displacement in the Sahel
requires a regional approach. Such an approach would have
the benefits of being able to overcome challenges relating

This report addresses the insolvency of
natural persons following this structure: a first part
introduces the objectives and nature of the report, deals
with general issues, and describes the foundations of a
system for the treatment of the insolvency of natural
persons. The second part of the report analyzes the core
legal attributes of system for the treatment of the
insolvency of natural persons: within this system, the most

Natural resource abundance can lead to
strong economic growth if resource rents are well invested
in physical assets and other forms of productive capital.
This paper focuses on the case of the resource-abundant
economies in Eurasia, which has been less documented in the
literature on natural resource-led development than other
parts of the world. The analysis shows that the stock of
productive physical assets is relatively low, contrary to