Nairobi River Basin is a complex of several parallel rivers that flow through the City of Nairobi and empty into a larger river and flow to the Indian Ocean. The rivers are polluted with garbage, industrial liquid effluence, agro-chemicals, petro-chemicals among others. This situation has occasioned spread of water-borne diseases, loss of sustainable livelihoods, loss of biodiversity, reduced availability and access to safe potable water, and the insidious effects of toxic substances and heavy metal poisoning which affects human productivity.

The Cadastral system in Kenya was established in 1903 to support land alienation for the white settlers who had come into the country in the early part of the 20th Century. In the last hundred years, the system has remained more or less the same, where land records are kept in paper format and majority of operations are carried out on a manual basis. The lack of a modern cadastral system has contributed to problems in land administration in the country.

The absence of a clearly defined land use policy in Kenya after years of independence has resulted in a haphazard approach to managing the different land use practices and policy responses. Land use continues to be addressed through many uncoordinated legal and policy frameworks that have done little to unravel the many issues that affect land use management. The Constitution of Kenya 2010, Kenya Vision 2030 and the Sessional Paper No. 3 of 2009 on National Land Policy all call for a clear framework for effectively addressing the challenges related to land use.

Matters of environmental migration are frequently looked at from a humanitarian perspective.1 This policy brief will instead look at it with a lens focusing on land issues. The question of environmental migration is inevitably linked to the question of land for several reasons. First, climate and environmental change trigger and accelerate the loss of land due to sea-level rise, coastal erosion, landslides and other forms of land degradation.

Article 1 - Objectives:

"This Decree is issued for the purpose of implementing the Land Law relating to the management, protection, use and development of land in an efficient, peaceful, and fair manner as well as ensuring the compliance with the set-targets and the uniformity of practice throughout the country."

Le présent code comprend 543 articles répartis en 10 titres, à savoir: Dispositions générales (Titre I); De la propriété (Titre II); De la protection et de la reconnaissance administrative du droit de propriété (Titre III); Des atteintes au droit de propriété (Titre IV); Du domaine immobilier de l’Etat et des collectivités territoriales (Titre V); Des dispositions relatives aux terres rurales et coutumières (Titre VI); De la preuve et du contentieux foncier (Titre VII); Du cadre institutionnel de gestion du domaine et du foncier (Titre VIII); Des infractions et des sanctions (Titre IX); Des

These Regulations aim to strengthen land management, protect land resources, utilize lands rationally, protect cultivated lands, improve ecological environment, and promote the sustainable development of social economy.

This Regulation sets out the rules and procedures of the management and administration of natural protected areas and natural heritage sites falling under the authority of the state. The Regulation also covers rules and procedures of appropriation of such areas as well as managing the rules of selling, exchange and renting.

Implements: Decree Law No. 644 on the establishment and functions of the Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning. (2011-06-29)

The present Regulation is enacted under the Conservation Agreement Act. In particular, the Regulation lists conservation agencies authorized to enter into conservation agreements.

Implements: Conservation Agreements Act (C.C.S.M.c.C173). (2000)

The Act is composed of the following Sections: Introductory provisions (sec. 1); Principles of sustainable usage of agricultural land and maintenance of agricultural land and its protection (sec. 2); Changing classification of land (sec. 3); Protection of agricultural land during non-agricultural usage (sec. 4); State administration of agricultural land protection (sec. 5); Offences (sec. 6); Common, provisional and final provisions (sec. 7).

The Decree of the Ministry of Agriculture, which is composed of six articles and five Annexes, sets up details on: working out balance of veiling terramare horizon of agricultural soil; working out project of recultivation of agricultural soil; evaluation of results of building designs on agricultural land.

This Law regulates land expropriation for public use purposes.The Council of Minister shall expropriate land totally or partly for public purposes such as: the construction of manufacturing institutions, highways, pipelines sewerage canalizations; and mining and extraction from underground reservoirs.Compensations shall be provided for land expropriation and they shall include: the price of lands which shall be determined by the Council of Ministers; the price for constructions located on the land which shall be determined by a committee of Kabul Municipality; and the price for any fruit be