The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, which was triggered by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, released large amounts of radio-nuclides. Soils in wide areas in eastern Japan were polluted by radioactive contamination.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of year-round-grazing systems and a conventional housing system for Japanese Brown fattening steers by the life cycle assessment (LCA) method.