This paper presents several case studies to show how the Ujamaa Community Resource Team (UCRT) has been working within Tanzania’s legal and policy framework to support a diverse range of pastoralists, agro-pastoralists and hunter-gatherers, all of whom face fundamental threats from external appropriation of, or encroachment on, lands and natural resources. The work also responds to local needs to rationalise resource use rights amongst competing local groups, such as farmers and livestock keepers.

The Hadzabe community of the Yaida Valley requested UCRT to assist them to undertake a cultural mapping exercise.

Communal lands are central to the livelihoods of many Tanzanians, particularly to pastoralists and hunter-gatherer groups. But a number of factors can undermine the security of these lands remaining ‘communal,’ in turn threatening the livelihoods of many people and cultures. This brief sets out a new mechanism for strengthening community land rights by securing local tenure through acquiring a Certificate of Customary Right of Occupancy (CCRO).

In northern Tanzania, new grassroots groups called Women’s Rights and Leadership Forums (WRLFs) are mobilizing women and men in pastoralist communities to promote and defend local land rights. This briefing highlights some of the WRLFs’ achievements and strategies; asks how these forums, which appear to be a part of an emerging grassroots social movement for land rights, can be further supported; and explores whether such forums could be replicated elsewhere in the region

Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) have the potential to benefit both people and wildlife in Tanzania. But are Tanzanian communities earning enough from WMAs to want to protect the wildlife that live on their land? This policy brief addresses this question by examining two WMAs in the Tarangire ecosystem and looking at their performance and revenue streams. This reveals that while communities are earning some income, the WMAs do not yet have enough funds to cover management and wildlife protection costs.

This Regional Law shall have as its purpose ensuring the right of citizens to favorable environment, including landscape and shade gardening, planting of recreational urban forests, thus ensuring favorable conditions for vital activity of citizens, and delimits plenary powers between city state bodies, local government and municipal units in the sphere of improvement of natural environment. Objects of improvement of natural environment shall be: (a) urban land; (b) private land; (c) public and municipal land; and (d) public land with undelimited public ownership.

This Regional Law validates general land-use planning scheme of the city of Moscow with a view of ensuring sustainable development, reaching high standards of living of the population (including improvement of public health), improvement of urban environment and conservation of historical and cultural heritage. Sustainability shall be ensured by introduction of ecofriendly processes, methods and technologies, environmental security of urban areas, performance of ecological improvement arrangements and ensuring ecological, sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population.

The Decree provides the allotment of state-owned land destined to planting of perennial trees, seasonal crops and forestation, plus the water surface required for aquaculture farming to individuals, households and organizations which shall invest in the resulting production. Planning and financial evaluation of production costs shall be prepared and funds destined to support all agricultural, forestry and aquaculture activities and operations.

This Order establishes that granting on lease of the plots of land located within functional areas of national parks for recreational use shall be carried out in accordance with the Federal legislation on land and protected areas. Object of lease can be the following functional areas of national parks: (a) areas of tourism and education; (b) recreational areas; and (c) tourist service areas. Lease contract shall be approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology.

This Decree establishes the modalities of estimate and calculation of rates of permissible impact on protected areas in the process of performance of tourism, recreational and healthcare activities. The scope of determination of rates of permissible impact shall be conservation of ecosystems, biological diversity and landscape diversity of protected areas. The aforesiad rates shall be established by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection at the suggestion of state bodies managing protected areas.

This Regional Law regulates relations in the sphere of organization, conservation, protection and functioning of protected areas of regional significance for the purpose of conservation of natural resources potential, healthcare, tourist and recreational resources, landscape and biological diversity, and promotion of ecological education of the population. Regional protected areas shall be classified as follows: (a) natural parks; (b) state nature reserves; (c) nature monuments; (d) dendrological parks and botanical gardens; and (e) healthcare areas and health resorts.

This Governmental Decree classifies areas of state natural parks in three categories: (a) protected; (b) ecologically stabilizing; (c) tourist and recreational; and (d) area of limited economic activity. Any activity causing deterioration and exhaustion of natural resources and objects and also violating different protection regimes shall be prohibited on the territory of state natural parks.