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[Water markets: a new instrument for the public management of water]
Use of Goats Grazing to Restore Pastures Invaded by Shrubs and Avoid Desertification: A Preliminary Case Study in the Spanish Cantabrian Mountains
Spanish mountains have been affected by the expansion of shrubs and forests since the mid‐20th century. This secondary succession in vegetation has some positive effects, but also drawbacks, such as an increase in fire risk, loss of diversity in land use, a reduction in landscape and cultural value, less water available in river channels and reservoirs, constraints on livestock farming, a reduced number of local species and loss of biodiversity.
Shrub pastures ("kermes-oak type" and "spiny shrub") in the Iberian Mountain Range of Aragón (Spain). Characterization, cartography and evaluation
This work is settled in the context of the Project "Characterization, Cartography and Evaluation of Spanish pastures" (INIA-CCAA OTOO-037-C17). Results of the characterization, cartography and evaluation by means of the phytocenologic and cartographic units established by authors, the II National Forestry Inventory (DGCN, 1996) and the Forestry Map of Spain (DGCN, 2001) are presented. Considering the dominant species provided by the last mentioned work and the phytosociological characterizations, type-inventories are established, which allow an estimation of the pasture production.
Predicting the future effectiveness of protected areas for bird conservation in Mediterranean ecosystems under climate change and novel fire regime scenarios
AIM: Global environmental changes challenge traditional conservation approaches based on the selection of static protected areas due to their limited ability to deal with the dynamic nature of driving forces relevant to biodiversity. The Natura 2000 network (N2000) constitutes a major milestone in biodiversity conservation in Europe, but the degree to which this static network will be able to reach its long‐term conservation objectives raises concern.
Assessing potential desertification environmental impact in life cycle assessment. Part 2: agricultural case study in Spain and Argentina
PURPOSE: Land use in dry lands can result in a final stage where land is completely depleted or entirely degraded causing the desertification phenomenon. The first part (part 1) of this series of two articles proposed a methodology to include desertification in life cycle assessment (LCA). A set of variables to be measured in the life cycle inventory, characterization factors, and an impact assessment method for the life cycle impact assessment phase were proposed.
Wheeled robot for rural environment
In this paper solutions are proposed to improve the performance of a wheeled robot for rural environment. These solutions can be used for a wheeled mobile robot that moves upon curved surfaces, surfaces with irregularities and small coefficient of static friction between the wheels and the surface. The design and control of the robot are based on a new concept of a wheeled mobile robot, which can work in two different modes.
Irrigated Land Value Estimates from Land Prices
Este trabajo calcula el valor del regadío en la provincia de León a partir de datos de precios de la tierra desagregados por aprovechamiento y comarca. El valor de los beneficios asociados al regadío puede averiguarse comparando dos parcelas de tierra "iguales" excepto por el hecho de que una de las tierras sea de secano y la otra de regadío.
Control of the European rabbit in central Spain
The European rabbit is a growing problem for agriculture in parts of its natural range. In this study, our aim was to use historical records over two periods within the last 50� years to analyze trends in the number of requests made for rabbit control in Central Spain. We gathered data on rabbit control applications made in 1967 from Rabbit and Hare Control Authorization Records (CARs) and corresponding information for 2005 from Technical Hunting Plans (THPs). THPs are currently the official mechanism to apply for rabbit control licenses in the country.
evolution of agrarian practices and its effects on the structure of enclosure landscapes in the Alt Empordà (Catalonia, Spain), 1957-2001
During the last 50 years, mechanisation of the rural environment, and, more recently, the Common Agricultural Policy have led to profound changes in agrarian landscapes throughout Europe, and in particular in the rich and diverse Mediterranean landscapes (). In the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula, a small area of hedgerow landscape persists as a remnant of what was once an important centre for livestock production.
Evaluation of best management practices under intensive irrigation using SWAT model
Land management practices such as conservation tillage and optimum irrigation are routinely used to reduce non-point source pollution and improve water quality. The calibrated and validated SWAT-IRRIG model is the first modified SWAT version that reproduces well the irrigation return flows (IRF) when the irrigation source is outside of the watershed. The application of this SWAT version in intensive irrigated systems permits to better evaluate the best management practices (BMPs) in such systems.