The effect of different types of land management on the soil macrofauna of the savanna has been assesed using the T.S.B.F. method. Macrofauna of the forest and savanna has a high density (4293 and 2830 ind.m(2)) and moderate biomass (13.6 and 15.3 g.m(-2)). Traditional grazing significantly increase earthworm biomass but does not modify biomass (16.8 g.m(-2)) and density (1971 ind.m(-2)). Burning the savanna leads to a momentarily but important disruption of the soil fauna. After 6 months, soil macrofauna has regained its initial level.

According to the latest report of the Intergovern- mental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), emissions must be cut by 41–72 % below 2010 levels by 2050 for a likely chance of containing the global mean temperature increase to 2 ?C. The AFOLU sector (Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use) contributes roughly a quarter (? 10–12 Pg CO2 e yr?1 ) of the net anthropogenic GHG emissions mainly from de- forestation, fire, wood harvesting, and agricultural emissions including croplands, paddy rice, and livestock.

Vietnam has pilot-tested a payment for forest environmental services (PFES) program in an effort to restore and protect forest areas, some of which have been severely degraded by the excessive cutting of trees by small-scale farmers planting annual crops on steep, sloping lands. The pilot program implemented in southern Vietnam seems to be successful, yet the program in northern Vietnam has not produced the desired rates of planting and maintaining forest areas.