This paper represents part of an area of work in support of enhancing access to land and forest resources in support of rural livelihoods in Mongolia. It is based on learning emerging from an ongoing FAOsupported project called: Support to the development of participatory forest management (TCP/MON/2903). This project has involved the development (through extensive community-level consultations in forest areas) of a detailed Concept Document for the design and implementation of participatory forestry.

تقدم المرأة مساهمات هامة في الاقتصاد الريفي في جميع أقاليم البلدان النامية. وتختلف أدوارها باختلاف الأقاليم، بيد أن حصولها على الموارد والفرص التي تحتاج إليها لكي تكون أكثر إنتاجاً أقل من حصول الرجل على تلك الموارد و الفرص. وزيادة حصول المرأة على الأراضي والثروة الحيوانية والتعليم والخدمات المالية والإرشاد والتكنولوجيا والعمالة الريفية من شأنها أن تعزز إنتاجيتها وتحقق مكاسب من حيث الإنتاج الزراعي والأمن الغذائي والنمو الاقتصادي والرفاه الاجتماعي. وسد الفجوة بين الجنسين في ما يتعلق بالمدخلات الزراعية وحدها يمكن أن ينتشل ما يتراوح من 100 مليون شخص إلى 150مليون شخص من براثن الجوع.

The present paper seeks to cover the key issues, trends, constraints, challenges, knowledge gaps and policy options on a range of dimensions of land access. Land access is broadly defined as the processes by which people individually or collectively gain rights and opportunities to occupy and utilise land (primarily for productive purposes but also other economic and social purposes) on a temporary or permanent basis.

Land Tenure Working Paper 19. The present paper is written as part of the overall Voluntary Guidelines consultation and development process and is a contribution to the subsequent preparation of the Gender Technical Guide. It contextualises and defines gender for the Voluntary Guidelines, discusses what governance of tenure means from a gender perspective and identifies and analyses key issues and themes. It then summarises recommendations relevant to gender before drawing some conclusions for the development process of the Voluntary Guidelines.

Los Estudios de la FAO sobre tenencia de la tierra son publicaciones concisas sobre el tema, a menudo complejo y polémico, de la tenencia de la tierra especialmente en relación con la seguridad alimentaria, la mitigación de la pobreza y el desarrollo rural. Los Estudios no pretenden ser exhaustivos sino reflejar las «buenas prácticas» identificadas por la FAO y muchos de sus colaboradores internacionales en relación con determinados aspectos particulares de la tenencia de la tierra y de su administración.

La igualdad de género es uno de los diez principios rectores de las Directrices voluntarias sobre la gobernanza responsable de la tenencia de la tierra, la pesca y los bosques en el contexto de la seguridad alimentaria nacional. La presente guía busca secundar dicho principio mediante el logro de una gobernanza de la tenencia de la tierra que es equitativa en cuanto al género. La guía se centra en la justicia entre los sexos y en las formas en que el gobierno de la tenencia puede responder a las diferentes necesidades y prioridades de mujeres y de hombres.

Most of the world’s poor work in the “informal economy” – outside of recognized and enforceable rules. Thus, even though most have assets of some kind, they have no way to document their possessions because they lack formal access to legally recognized tools such as deeds, contracts and permits.

Second issue of the Journal, which is now published in both hardcopy and in electronic formats and provides an open, impartial and practice-oriented global forum for promoting the latest knowledge in land tenure. This issue features five continents and subcontinents exploring common challenges including tenure governance, the legal recognition of customary tenures, land scarcity and redistributive reforms, and the increasing role of information technology in tenure systems.

In November 2010, Côte d’Ivoire held presidential elections – a long awaited democratic step anticipated by political forces - since the war in 2002. The Independent Electoral Commission (CEI) and the international community accepted the results in December 2010, but violence spiraled, including in the border region with Liberia. This region has seen repeated refugee flows over the decades, as well as border crossing - as a coping mechanism when livelihoods are threatened or simply for better economic and social opportunities.

This guide has been developed in response to concerns regarding large-scale land acquisitions and the need to increase investment in agriculture. The guide supports application of the www.fao.org/3/a-i2801e.pdf"> Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure for Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security at the national level by providing technical guidance on how to safeguard tenure rights in the context of agricultural investments, including in land.