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assessment of the effectiveness of a random forest classifier for land-cover classification
Land cover monitoring using remotely sensed data requires robust classification methods which allow for the accurate mapping of complex land cover and land use categories. Random forest (RF) is a powerful machine learning classifier that is relatively unknown in land remote sensing and has not been evaluated thoroughly by the remote sensing community compared to more conventional pattern recognition techniques. Key advantages of RF include: their non-parametric nature; high classification accuracy; and capability to determine variable importance.
Grazing management or physiography? Factors controlling vegetation recovery in Mediterranean grasslands
Grazing intensification and abandonment are increasing the risk of degradation of Mediterranean grasslands. The development of techniques for monitoring grazing effects on herbaceous vegetation is an essential need for the management of these rangelands. However, the high variability of these systems make physiographical and management effects hard to disentangle and quantify. We present a methodology to support rangeland management and assess grazing effects on environmentally heterogeneous areas, and provide an example of its application in a Mediterranean rangeland in central Spain.
Estimated soil organic carbon change due to agricultural land management modifications in a semiarid cereal-growing region in Central Spain
Maintaining or increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural lands is important for soil productivity, restoration and could potentially be a factor in reducing carbon emissions. In order to implement best practices for maintaining productivity and increasing SOC, there is a need for understanding how management changes may alter SOC levels. This applied study presents a methodology to assess and predict SOC levels to better understand effects modification to land management can have in semiarid central Spain. Results show extensification using longer-term pasture rotations (e.g.
Shrub pastures ("hedgehog broom type" and "rock-rose type") in the Iberian Mountain Range of Aragón (Spain). Characterization, cartography and evaluation
This work is settled in the context of the Project "Characterization, Cartography and Evaluation of Spanish pastures" (INIA-CCAA OTOO-037-C17). Results of the characterization, cartography and evaluation by means of the phytocenologic and cartographic units established by authors, the II National Forestry Inventory (DGCN, 1996) and the Forestry Map of Spain (DGCN, 2001) are presented. Considering the dominant species provided by the last mentioned work and the phytosociological characterizations, type-inventories are established, which allow an estimation of the pasture production.
Adoption and diffusion of no tillage practices in Southern Spain olive groves
This paper analyses the process of adoption of no tillage in South-eastern Spain’s olive groves. Olive tree groves in South-eastern Spain’s mountainous areas are subject to a high risk of soil erosion, which is the main environmental problem for this crop, and have to incur in high costs of soil conservation. This results in a greater difficulty to comply with the practices required to benefit from both the single payment and agri-environmental schemes. In many high-steeped areas, farmers have opted for non-tillage practices as an alternative to other conservation practices.
Contingent Valuation of Woodland-Owner Private Amenities in Spain, Portugal, and California
Most of the Mediterranean woodlands in Spain, Portugal, and California are managed as agrosilvopastoral enterprises, producing some combination of livestock, wood, cork products, and crops, as well as wildlife habitat and diverse environmental services. Private amenity benefits to landowners have been suggested as an explanation for high land prices and the persistence of such rangeland enterprises despite apparently marginal cash returns.
Land-use changes as major drivers of mountain pine (Pinus uncinata Ram.) expansion in the Pyrenees
To assess the spatial patterns of forest expansion (encroachment and densification) for mountain pine (Pinus uncinata Ram.) during the last 50 years at a whole mountain range scale by the study of different topographic and socio-economic potential drivers in the current context of global change. The study area includes the whole distributional area of mountain pine in the Catalan Pyrenees (north-east Spain). This represents more than 80 municipalities, covering a total area of 6018 km².
Modeling wetland change in Spainâs Tierra de Campos district
The various land management and planning policies that have been developed for the Tierra de Campos district of northwestern Spain over the past century have had major effects on wetland ecosystems of this area. To assist conservation planners in the future management of these habitats, this study outlines the changes that have occurred in these environments using data for the years 1900, 1956, 1984 and 2007. Multiple logistic regression models allowed the accurate projection of locations of wetlands that need to be restored or regenerated.
multi-site study to classify semi-natural grassland types
Calibration and validation of simulation models describing herbage growth or feed quality of semi-natural grasslands is a complex task for agronomists without investing effort into botanical surveys. To facilitate such modelling efforts, a limited number of grassland types were identified using a functional classification of species. These grassland types were characterized by three descriptors required to model herbage growth or feed quality: the abundance-weighted mean leaf dry matter content across grass species, the relative abundance of grasses, and an estimate of species richness.
[Agriculture, territory and multifunctionality: new directions in rural development policy]
En esta ponencia, se analizan las nuevas orientaciones de las políticas de desarrollo rural, mostrando sus diversas concepciones. De un lado, una concepción agraria, aplicada sectorialmente en la agricultura como eje del desarrollo de las zonas rurales; de otro lado, una concepción territorial, en la que la diversificación de actividades (agrarias y no agrarias) es su principal eje de actuación, y el territorio su ámbito de aplicación. Entre esas dos concepciones giran hoy los debates en torno al desarrollo rural, tanto a nivel de la UE como de los Estados miembros.