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The paper presents the problematic of the merge and exchange processes of land under the following programmes of agricultural land consolidation.
The paper addresses the issue of dissatisfaction related to spatial management in rural areas illustrated with an example of southern Poland. In this region, the spatial structure of rural areas is poor, which results, e.g., from substantial fragmentation and scattering of land.
Land consolidation is an implement, which allows the rearrangement of spatial structure in rural areas leading to their socioeconomic development. However, the process is costly and time consuming.
In Poland land consolidation is carried out mainly in the southern part of the country. In three voivodships, namely Lubelskie Voivodship, Podkarpackie Voivodship and Małopolskie Voivodship, in the years 2003-2014 there were numerous land consolidations, over 20,000 ha in each voivodship.
Consolidation and post-consolidation development-related investments are an opportunity to improve living and working conditions of rural residents. Land consolidation is practically the only comprehensive tool to improve the shape of the transport network in the areas covered by this process.
The spatial structure of land in south-eastern Poland is characterized by a high fragmentation, small farms and a road network that is not adjusted to the requirements of modern, mechanized agricultural production.
The main tasks of land consolidation are to eliminate land fragmentation and to facilitate farms of optimal size.
Socio-economic development, public safety of local communities and environmental protection are the major pillars of the concept of sustainable development of rural areas in Europe.
In article 38 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan stipulates that citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan must preserve nature and protect natural resources [1, p.3]. However, in Northern Kazakhstan, located significant areas of arable land to grow crops.
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