Vacant, Fallow and Virgin Land Managemen

The rising conflicts between farmers and pastoralists threaten Nigeria’s food security, economic stability and ecological balance. Instead of ‘silently’ resolving the issues, the Nigerian government should intensify all means to end these crimes against livelihoods and address the root causes, like climate change, displacement and appropriation of grazing reserves.

Report brings together the multiple legal strands that weave together and form the context of farmland investments and water rights. Farmland investments are about much more than simple commercial land transactions; they have great impacts on the amount of water available for local communities and other states. Demonstrates that water is a precious resource facing growing pressures from climate change, population growth and urbanization. The water abstracted to maintain production of large-scale commercial farming further exacerbates these strains and must be given due consideration.

A brief on the need to secure land rights for the world’s pastoralists, who manage rangelands that cover a quarter of the world’s land surface but have few advocates. Covers the different paths pastoralists take; resource scarcity in the face of uncertainty; pastoralism and land use; loss and fragmentation of pastoralist lands and blocking of livestock routes; managing climatic variability and climate change; initiatives for securing pastoralists rights to land (Niger, Tanzania, India, Ethiopia).

This paper developed from an articulated process to address the rights to land of pastoral groups, within a holistic perspective and accounting for changes brought about by climate change. It brings together the inputs made by over 120 participants in a web-based forum organised in 2006 and managed by the International Land Coalition on pastoral land rights. Further materials and lessons have been drawn from a number of projects and experiences all around the world, in order to provide a comprehensive update about the rights of nomadic and pastoralist groups and natural resources.

La presente investigación se inscribe en el análisis de la problemática asociada al cambio climático global, aplicado a uno de los problemas más relevantes del ecosistema semiárido chileno, cual es la determinación de las tendencias de los caudales reales con que se contará para la planificación del desarrollo rural y urbano futuro.

This paper analyses the climate change in La Plata Basin, one of the most important regions in South America due to its economy and population. For this work it has been used the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) and the Japanese Meteorological Agency (JMA) atmospheric global model. For both near and far future, the projected changes for temperature over the entire basin were positive, although they were only statistically significant at the end of the XXI century. Changes in the annual cycle of mean temperature were also positive in all subregions of the basin.

The intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2012) predicts increases in the frequency of heavy precipitation in the 21st century over many areas of the globe. Thus, climate change will increase flood and drought frequencies, alter stream geomorphology and habitat availability, as well as increase water temperature, sediments, and nutrient concentration (Sabater & Tockner, 2010).

Este documento investigativo parte de un elemento de la variabilidad climática y de las consecuencias generadas por el calentamiento global, estas son las inundaciones. Estas alteraciones climáticas generan fenómenos extremos, con serias consecuencias para el ambiente y la sociedad, sobre todo para los grupos más vulnerables.

El trabajo presente se sustenta en un análisis contable de la fijación y/o reducción de CO2 y una análisis costo-efectivo de la crianza de animales resultado de la conversión de un modelo de agricultura "insustentable" hacia dos modelos orientados a la sustentabilidad agrícola-ganadera.

El presente informe describe seis problemas vinculados al cambio y variabilidad climática, así como ejemplos de proyectos ejemplares de adaptación y educación referidos a dichos problemas. En particular, se presentan los problemas vinculados a: (1) desglaciación, (2) escasez hídrica, (3) “heladas”, (4) deforestación, (5) inundaciones y (6) contaminación hídrica.