General

Uganda Poverty Status Report (2016) states that although Uganda’s international extreme poverty rate fell by 2.7% points per year, the second fastest reduction in extreme poverty per year in Sub-Saharan Africa in the last 10 years; in 2013, more than a third of its citizens still lived below the international extreme poverty line of US$1.90 a day. Agriculture is the most important sector of the Ugandan economy employing over 80% of the labour force and contributing 23.1% to the GDP. Agricultural production in Uganda is mainly dominated by smallholder farmers engaged in food crops, forestry, horticulture, fishing, and livestock farming. However, agricultural productivity is affected : extreme weather variability, high costs of inputs, poor production and soil management techniques, limited extension services, over-dependency on rain-fed agriculture, limited markets, land tenure challenges and limited adoption of technology and innovation. Teso sub region is in the recovery stage after decades of conflict that devastated the livelihoods of between 60%-70% of the population as a result of displacement. The target sub counties for this project are characterized by high poverty levels that are manifested by the high-risk agricultural practices, insufficiency of income to meet basic human needs, low purchasing power, low savings and consequently low investment leading to low standards of living.

Objectives

Overall Objective: Enhanced Resilient Livelihoods of 500 most at risk households in Teso Sub-region of North Eastern Uganda Specific objectives: 1. To increase climate-smart food crop production among 500 households in 3 target districts 2. To reduce post harvest losses among 500 households in 3 target districts 3. To increase access to affordable finance among 500 households in 3 target districts

Target Groups

Direct beneficiaries: 500 most at risk households Indirect beneficiaries: 2500

General

Informal settlers, primarily fisherfolk, in the lowest lying zones of Jagobaio Village, Mandaue City remain exposed to coastal flooding and poverty. Despite urban resilience gains in Jagobiao village in 2018 and early 2019, informal settlers living in low-lying zones of the village, live in rudimentary conditions with lack of water, sewerage and poor quality building materials that exacerbating their risk conditions. A total of 300 household in Sitio Santo Rosario, San Antonio, Santo Nino and San Jose remain prone to extensive coastal flooding and storm surge. The households experience regular coastal flooding of up to one meter during heavy rains. Solid waste management challenges and pollution compound the flooding, clogging up the already poor drainage and increase health risks. The majority of these households are fisherfolk or daily laborers, and with limited livelihoods options, the majority of families live below the poverty threshold of 5,000 peso per month. The Cordaid and PARJ actions have been unable to directly impact this most vulnerable group to address resilience actions as a result of tenure status; drainage improvements, solid waste management and raised septic tanks in other parts of the village have not contributed to improvement for this group. The City Government and PARJ recognizes the importance of the restoration and management of the mangrove zone within which these families live within direct proximity. As a part of the larger city wide planning involving PARJ and the Jagobiao fisherfolk association plans are underway for the establishment and management of a mangrove eco-park, all stakeholders recognize the importance of engaging families living in these areas as a basis of the strategy. The mangroves swathes in Jagobiao are one of the last remaining mangrove zones in Mandaue City. The need to conserve and preserve them is highly important considering the threats of converting these mangroves to fishponds and salt beds, reclaiming them for urban land developments, and pollution and siltation from upland communities.

Objectives

A model of Mangrove Protection and urban resilience empowers the most marginalized urban poor and local actors to work together in Jagobiao, Mandaue City - Local actors combine capacities to agree a common strategy and plan for village wide action on Mangrove Protection and environmental management and poverty reduction to urban poor groups such as fisherfolks association (intervention funded by Cordaid – PfR efforts in 2019) - Community managed protection of 31 hectares mangrove result in improved environmental conditions - 300 of the most vulnerable families in Jagobiao have a 15% increase in monthly income - Community education programs in Jagobiao village enable at least 1500 villagers to engage in Mangrove protection and waste management

Target Groups

1,500 people in Barangay Jagobiao Mandaue City with highest vulnerability to hazards

General

The Bafwasende landscape in the Tshopo Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is one of the country’s poorest areas. It is sparsely populated — with 455,657 inhabitants in an area of 47,087 km² — and has a forest cover of approximately 98%. With its immense forest cover, it makes a significant contribution to global carbon sinks and to stabilization of regional rainfall patterns. The forests, however, are threatened. The recent return of peace and stability, and associated (re)construction of basic infrastructure, is expected to increase pressure on the forest. Also, migration into the Bafwasende territory, mainly by Yira people from North Kivu, is a driving force of deforestation. This trend is already being observed in the neighboring territory of Mambasa, where Yira migrants now account for nearly 40% of the total population. The migration of the Yira people is driven by land scarcity in their home province and facilitated by road construction. Armed conflicts and the current ebola epidemic accelerate migratory movements to Bafwasende. Partly due to migration, more and more areas in Bafwasende are being cleared, and the average size of agricultural fields has been increasing, with cocoa as one of the main crops. The expansion of agriculture causes deforestation, while at the same time it is contributing to the well-being of local populations. Another important driver of deforestation is logging. The demand for timber is high, due to post-conflict reconstruction activities, and growing regional and international markets. Ongoing deforestation in the Bafwasende landscape has a negative impact on climate change mitigation. Moreover, as Bafwasende’s population is poor and highly dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods, they are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. There is thus an urgent need to make the Bafwasende landscape climate smart. This means that forests will need to be conserved, while allowing people to develop their livelihoods based on sustainable natural resource management, as well as agro-pastoral and mining activities. The DRC WL programme aims to help conserve the forests of Bafwasende while improving the living conditions of the landscape inhabitants. In our vision of success, the forests and lands in the Bafwasende landscape are used sustainably for the benefit of all inhabitants as well as the climate. We envision that the area has maintained at least 95% of its forest cover by 2040. The remaining 5% is used for sustainable forestry, agriculture, mining, hunting and fishing, contributing to local economic and social development. In our vision, Bafwasende will develop two urban centers, that provide high quality services (communications, finance, water, power, education, health care, etc) to its local inhabitants and travelers. In our vision, marginalized groups, especially the Mbuti indigenous people, participate in the local governance, live in harmony with other groups and have secured access to lands. Women and youth actively participate in local governance, in harmony with elders, and have secured access to lands. The Yira migrants live in harmony with other groups and contribute to innovation, to transformation and to improved living conditions. Traditional leaders and local elites embrace development and changes in society. Local access to land and forest resources is secured, and detailed land use plans guide the development of community forestry, and agroforestry systems. Artisanal mining complies with national (environmental) 59 regulations, and miners reinvest at least part of their incomes in the landscape. Producers are organized in cooperative incubator organizations, and women and youth take active part in local enterprises. Tax revenues from these economic activities are invested in public services.

Objectives

We distinguish between the following three main intended outcomes. 1. Inclusive landscape governance ensuring secured access to forest, land and mineral resources to groups of local people. This implies: detailed land use, land allocation and development plans; inclusive decision-making bodies and control mechanism of local governments, with equitable representation of Mbuti, women and youth; secure local rights to land/forest; and inclusive models of Local Community Forest Concessions (CFCLs). 2. Sustainable land-use practices by small-scale and large-scale producers of agricultural and forestry products. This implies sustainable mining and logging, responsible fishing and hunting, and resilient agriculture, especially climate-smart cocoa agroforestry systems that contribute to local employment and investment. Cooperative business incubators, artisanal forest unit (UFAs) and CFCLs are sustainably managed, create added value, and provide technical and financial support to entrepreneurs in the Bafwasende landscape. 3. Responsible business and finance, leading to effective implementation of social and environmental standards and commitments, and equitable inclusion of smallholders in value chains. This implies that smallholders have access to markets and finance, and that Bafwasende’s elites invest in the development of a climate-smart landscape. It also implies effective organization of producers in cooperative incubator organizations, with special attention for Mbuti, women and youth.