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Displaying 1041 - 1045 of 1605Policy options to enhance agricultural irrigation in Afghanistan: A canal systems approach
In Afghanistan, where 80% of the population is rural, irrigated agriculture using surface water is an extremely important economic activity. With the advent of the New Water Law, highly localized and centuries-old agricultural water management traditions are giving way to more modern centralized institutions. The newly-created river basin councils need management tools to support decision-making at the watershed level.
How attractive are short-term CDM forestations in arid regions? The case of irrigated croplands in Uzbekistan
This study analyzed the financial attractiveness of Clean Development Mechanism Afforestation and Reforestation (CDM A/R) in irrigated agricultural settings. The Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of CDM A/R were estimated by analyzing the case of Khorezm region in Uzbekistan, where a mixed-species tree plantation was established on marginal cropland. The dual purposes of carbon sequestration and production of fruits, leaves as fodder, and fuelwood were studied over a seven-year rotation period.
Behavioural context of multi-scale species distribution models assessed by radio-tracking
Incorporating ecological processes and animal behaviour into Species Distribution Models (SDMs) is difficult. In species with a central resting or breeding place, there can be conflict between the environmental requirements of the ‘central place’ and foraging habitat. We apply a multi-scale SDM to examine habitat trade-offs between the central place, roost sites, and foraging habitat in Myotis nattereri. We validate these derived associations using habitat selection from behavioural observations of radio-tracked bats.
simulation of water markets with transaction costs
Most theorists regard transaction costs as one of the key lenses to understand the water rights market. This paper proposes a theoretical model of water rights trading with transaction costs according to the idea of costs minimization. Applying the model to the Yellow River Basin (YRB), we evaluate the potential of investment savings from introducing the trans-jurisdictional water market to achieve the water-saving targets of agricultural and industrial sectors.
Cattle-raising and public credit in rural settlements in Eastern Amazon
The practice of raising cattle in the Amazon has been connected to deforestation, which has been especially intense in the Eastern Amazonian state of Pará that contained 23% of new rural settlements before 2008. The settlements were part of a program of land reform that allowed farmers to receive public credit. Public credit aims to increase production and incorporation of new technologies by settled farmers, which can lead to a decrease in pressure on forested areas.