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Controlling land use change in coastal areas is one of the world’s sustainable development goals and a great challenge. Existing research includes in-depth studies of land use change in relatively developed regions, but research on economically less developed but fast-growing regions is lacking. Since the reform and opening up in Vietnam, the influences of globalization have prompted the economy of the coastal area to develop rapidly, making it one of the less developed but rapidly developing regions where human activities and global changes vigorously interact. Therefore, taking the coastal area of Vietnam as the study area, we used the land use change index and random forest model to analyze the spatial variations of land use change and its impact factors. The research shows that: (1) land use shows a trend of continuous and rapid increase in construction land, with the proportion of construction land increasing from 2.72% in 2000 to 4.40% in 2020. However, natural landscapes, such as forests and grasslands, are decreasing. (2) Land use also shows obvious spatial variation characteristics, which are mainly manifested in the differences in change rate, development intensity, and distribution characteristics. Among them, the region with the largest rate of change was the Central Coastal Area. The region with the highest development intensity is the Mekong River Delta. (3) The main factors affecting land use change are foreign direct investment (FDI), the industrialization index, and population. Based on that, we analyzed the mechanism influencing the above factors from the perspectives of urbanization and population growth, and industrialization and park construction, as well as globalization and FDI, which can explain well the relationship between the impact factors and the spatial variation. This study can provide a valuable decision-making reference for formulating reasonable regional land development policies and is a good example of land use research for other rapidly developing areas.
