El estado de las comunidades indígenas en el Perú - Informe 2016

Conflict over land, combined with the systematic violation of land rights, is one of the most prominent human rights problems faced by Cambodians. The root of this problem can be traced back to the abolition of private ownership by the Khmer Rouge in 1975. This report provides an overview of the land conflicts and provides recommendations for resolving these conflicts.

This paper draws on case studies from three communities in Ratanakiri to illustrate

The report introduces most of the existing natural resources management (NRM) networks in Cambodia and analyzes some of the general issues related to networking in Cambodia. The overall objectives of this report are to: Introduce some of the existing NRM networks in Cambodia; describe some of the existing general practices for network management and operation; explore some of the cultural and gender issues related to networks; identify the challenges and successes of existing NRM networks and suggest some recommendations for the future.

"This study highlights lessons from recent policy, law and practice to improve and secure access to rural land for poorer groups. It focuses on Africa, Latin America and Asia, while also referring to experience from Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States.

"The Government of Liberia is in the process of drafting new land laws that give people ownership rights over their customary lands. This guide teaches communities how to go through the process of getting papers (deeds) for their land. The end result of doing all of the work explained in this guide will be both papers for your land and a more organized, more united, and more peaceful community ready to develop and grow."

Indigenous communities in Cambodia are legally recognized and should thus have been protected by the Land Law and the Forestry Law, entitling them to communal land titles. A number of national and international instruments including the Cambodian Land Law of 2001, the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the ILO Convention no. 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples and the World Bank Safeguard Policy recognize both collective and individual Indigenous Peoples’ rights.

Land is the repository of memory and keeps traces of the past in the absence of a strong written tradition. It is perceived as an open book from which anyone can read and learn about local history: place names, old roads, legends and stories attached to places. For local people, bulldozing the landscape is seen as erasing their history, and disturbing social organisations and traditions.[1] In Cambodia--as in many other countries--land is an extremely important economic resource and asset. Land is livelihood.

Community Forestry International trained and educated energetic extension workers, both young and old, from the indigenous Tampuan, Jarai, and Kreung tribes of Ratanakiri province. They are now part of an indigenous peoples’ network that is dedicated to protecting the land and forest rights of the unique indigenous communities of Ratanakiri province.

Field visits to over twenty villages in five different provinces of the Lao PDR have shown that across all ethnic groups, communities use and manage communal lands. Types of lands often found to be under communal management include upland areas, grazing lands and village use and sacred forests. Communities and use groups have devised local rules for provision, management and appropriation of communal resources. Valuable lessons for the process of recognizing communal land rights can also be drawn from two neighbouring countries.

Under the motto 'old policies, new action', in June 2012 the Cambodian Prime Minister initiated a massive land registration campaign on untitled former forest land. Unauthorised settlers and other long-term users of these lands, including those inside Economic Land Concessions, had been considered illegal before. Those of them who are poor now receive full property title by way of donation.

Land area of 605.8134 hectare in Ou Chum district, Ratanakiri province has downsized from Forest Cover 2002 and reclassified as "State Private Land" for granting purpose as communal ownership to 96 families of Tumpoun indigenous community on 16 land parcels including 07 parcels for residential, 06 parcels for traditional agriculture, 01 for swidden farm, 01 parcels for land of guardians, and 01 parcel for burial forest land in Ou Chum commune and L'ak commune, Ou Chum district, Ratanakiri province.