Livestock are a critically important component of the food system, although the sector needs a profound transformation to ensure that it contributes to a rapid transition towards sustainable food systems. This chapter reviews and synthesises the evidence available on changes in demand for livestock products in the last few decades, and the multiple socio-economic roles that livestock have around the world. We also describe the nutrition, health, and environmental impacts for which the sector is responsible.

Under the new EU deforestation regulation (EUDR), dated 31/05/2023, coffee producers and other producers of other significant commodities —cocoa, oil palm, rubber, soya, cattle, and wood— will have to comply with three aspects to export their products into the European Un ion. These aspects are i) Deforestation-free; 2) Production under the relevant legislation of the country of production; and 3) Due diligence statement. (Council of the European Union, 2022).

This document offers an analysis of a pilot program aimed at improving productivity and sup ply chain integration for small-scale coffee farmers. It details the collaboration between a ma jor coffee exporter, local intermediaries, and farmers, introducing a unique stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial for program evaluation. The report covers the findings from a base line survey, including in-depth sociodemographic data, coffee farming practices, and other vi tal metrics.

This brief provides insight into the different farming systems of the three study regions and their application of CSA practices, comparing uptake between Heifer supported cooperatives and non-Heifer supported cooperatives, using evidence from a Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey (RHoMIS).

The highlands of North Shoa in Amhara region are dominated by cereals (wheat, barley and tef) followed by food legumes. The productivity of cereals and food legumes is low due to biotic and abiotic factors as well as insufficient input supplies like certified seed, inoculants, and other inputs. Because of diseases and insect pests, acidity and water logging problems, farmers are reducing areas of food legumes and growing more cereals leading to low crop diversity leading to reduced soil fertility, incomes, and food diversity.

Recognising and including the knowledge and leadership of indigenous peoples in building resilient food systems is crucial for equitable transformation. Kenyan decision makers must empower indigenous peoples to engage in local climate adaptation and agricultural sector planning, and at the same time protect those peoples’ rights.

In the face of transforming agri-food systems (AFS) and climate change, it is critical to uncover potential pathways through which gender equality and resilience of AFS can be simultaneously addressed. In this quasi-experimental impact study, we assess the effects of two interventions in Kishoreganj district in Bangladesh—a climate hotspot—on women’s empowerment, intrahousehold gender equality of climate resilient capacities and AFS outcomes.

Alternative protein sources for human food, as well as for terrestrial and aquatic animal feed, are increasingly commercially available. These products have considerable potential for sustainably delivering protein for food and feed and could lead to significant reductions in climate and land use impacts. Alternative protein sources include meat analogs, insects, certain woody plants, and algae including seaweed. We briefly review recent work on their nutritional, environmental, technological, and socioeconomic impacts.