Managing Urban Expansion in Mongolia
: Best Practices in Scenario-based Urban Planning

The sustainable development of ger areas
in Ulaanbaatar (UB), the capital city of Mongolia, is one of
the critical development issues facing the country. The
transitions to a market economy and a series of severe
winters (called zud) have resulted in the large-scale
migration of low-income families into the ger areas of UB.
The city represents 40 percent of the nation's
population and generates more than 60 percent of
Mongolia's gross domestic product (GDP). This migration
pattern has led to an unprecedented expansion of the ger
areas. The traditional built-up areas of the city center
comprise some 130 k