This report explores evidence and insights from five case studies that have made significant recent progress in addressing the challenge of insuring poor smallholder farmers and pastoralists in the developing world. In India, national index insurance programmes have reached over 30 million farmers through a mandatory link with agricultural credit and strong government support. In East Africa (Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania), the Agriculture and Climate Risk Enterprise (ACRE) has recently scaled to reach nearly 200,000 farmers, bundling index insurance with agricultural credit and farm inputs.

Eighteen plants traditionally used for the treatment of human and animal helminthiasis in Africa were screened for anthelmintic activity using the Nippostrongylus - rat model. Aloe barteri, Terminalia avicennioides, Annona senegalensis, Cassia occidentalis, Anogeissus leiocarpus and Diospyros mespiliformis showed significant activity, giving deparasitizations of 92, 89, 75, 69, 60 and 58% respectively compared to untreated controls.

The Review of CGIAR Research Program Governance and Management was requested by the CGIAR Consortium and

approved by the Fund Council in November 2012. The Independent Evaluation Arrangement (IEA) is responsible for the review, which was carried out between June 2013 and January 2014. At the time the review was initiated, Consortium Research Programs (CRP) governance and management structures were in place or approved for each CRP. This enabled

Rwanda’s variable and changing climate is an increasingly serious challenge to the country’s

agricultural sector and farming population. Climate information services are emerging as a

means to support farmers to manage risk and provide an opportunity to build the resilience of

agriculture to climate at all time scales. Climate services include historical, monitored and

forecast information, and value-added information products such pest and disease risk

warnings, crop yield forecasts, or management advisories. The new Rwanda Climate Services