This study systematically reviewed the literature to evaluate how suitable existing farm and farm

This reports summarizes and synthesizes activities and achievements of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) through the end of 2007. The CPWF is an intiative of the CGIAR designed to take on the global challenge of water scarcity and food security.

Because vulnerability is a conceptual construct rather than a directly observable phenomenon,

most vulnerability assessments measure a set of “vulnerability indicators”. In order to identify

the core approaches and range of variation in the field, we conducted a systematic literature

review on local vulnerability to climate change. The systematic review entailed an

identification of frameworks, concepts, and operationalizations and a transparency assessment

of their reporting. Three fully defined relevant frameworks of vulnerability were identified:

The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) is one of 15 future harvest

centres, which conduct food and environmental research to help alleviate

The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) is one of 15 future harvest

centres, which conduct food and environmental research to help alleviate

poverty and increase food security while protecting the natural resource base.

The agricultural development project ACCESO

reduced greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and

led to net carbon sequestration due to perennial

crop expansion.

? Increased fertilizer use was a moderate source

of emissions that was more than offset by

reduced emissions from other ACCESOsupported

practices, including improvements in

soil, water, and fertilizer management, and in

feed and grassland use by dairy cows.

? Compared to conventional practices, ACCESOsupported

activities reduced emission intensity

This working paper synthesizes knowledge within CGIAR on adaptation measures in agricultural systems, for the benefit of parties and observers preparing submissions to the UNFCCC SBSTA. Experience from CGIAR and partners indicate that adaptation measures covering policy, technological, financial, institutional, and research interventions are being tested and applied in agricultural systems in low-income and middle-income countries.