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Various methodologies are being put in place in participatory mapping programs by actors with the aim of improving the system of land governance. However, they all contribute to the integrated management of resources and the strengthening of local user rights. The purpose of this study is to explain the role of participatory mapping in the sustainable management of land resources. Thus, the existing methodologies has several denominations like the RRA (Rapid Rural Appraisal), the PRA (Participative Rural Appraisal) and the MARP (Accelerated Method of Participatory Research). They all have a link with traditional cartography by focusing on the symbolic representation of traditional knowledge. Examples of participatory mapping applied in Cameroon and Congo Basin by various actors are using various methodologies. This makes it difficult its integration into the sustainable management of resources despite the impact of the political will that influences their resolutions.