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This paper uses a human rights approach to look at the livelihoods of the Batwa of Rwanda and the Hadzabe of Tanzania. It looks at the problems related to the denial of their rights in areas of land, water, education and health care, and makes recommendations to NCA for further support.Findings include: Landlessness is a main problem Gaining education is critical for adults and children. Mobile education is needed for the ‘mobile people’ of Hadzabe Income generation is essential. Tourist related work is a possibility for Hadzabe. Honey could be further developed for sale and create income for the hunters and gatherers Clean water and access to health facilities is a high priority. Shallow wells and bore holes for clean drinking water have been found successful in getting water to the people in the Valley Recommendations to NCA include: supporting the co-operation between the San-network of Southern Africa, the Batwa of Rwanda and the Hadzabe of Tanzania starting co-operating with CAURWA-Rwanda, an indigenous organization recognised by the Rwandan government. There is a need to strengthen CAURWA and their work related to literacy, capacity building, human rights and HIV/AIDS continuing to support the diocese of Byumba, Rwanda in a more participatory way. NCA should continue supporting job creation, farming and small-scale industries (ceramic/pottery) through the Anglican diocese of Byumba supporting water-development in Yaeda-Valley. Shallow wells and/or bore holes should be drilled in Yaeda Valley supporting health service in Yaeda Valley. The mobile clinics should be strengthened and made more efficient by installing mobile radios in the three villages of Yaeda supporting mobile education service related to Hadzabe supporting further demarcation of conservation areas applying a gender sensitive approach
