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The family business: Is there a future for small farms?
The United Nations declared 2014 the International Year of Family Farming. Although many forms of production were once family-based, agriculture is now one of the few that are still dominated by families. Because family farms are so prevalent, making them more productive could help combat poverty and hunger in many rural areas around the world. Family farms are mostly small in scale, but they are highly diverse in other ways, and their pathways out of poverty will vary.
An assessment of IFPRI's work in Ethiopia during 1995-2010
Ethiopia is one of the most populated and poorest countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and as such has been a high priority country for IFPRI research and capacity-building work. From 1995 to 2004, nearly all of IFPRI’s Ethiopia work was undertaken by Washington-based research teams working on specific themes under various “global research programs” (GRPs). More than 95 percent of IFPRI’s research in Ethiopia during this period was part of four main research themes: (1) Market Development; (2) Poverty and Food Security; (3) Public Investment; and (4) Sustainable Land Management (SLM).
Coordination in natural resource management
Because of their spatial scale, most irrigation systems, forests, rangelands, and fisheries cannot be managed at the individual or household level (Knox McCulloch, Meinzen-Dick, and Hazell 1998). They require some form of coordinated regulation to limit overuse and ensure that there is sufficient investment to sustain the resource base. Even the adoption of “lumpy” technologies (such as equipment) that are not cost effective for a single farm requires some form of coordination.
The impact of shallow tubewells and boro rice on food security in Bangladesh
Bangladesh has made notable progress in achieving food security, despite extreme population pressures, limited land resources, and an agrarian structure dominated by small and tenant farmers. After two decades of sluggish performance prior to the late 1980s, the production of rice—the dominant staple food—has increased much faster than the population.
Institutional environment and access to microfinance by self-employed women in the rural areas of Edo state
In Nigeria, conventional financial institutions serve only about 35 percent of the active population, and the poor, especially women, have limited access to financial services. Private sector-led microfinance institutions (MFIs) are increasingly playing a role to fill this need. This brief provides an overview of the institutional environment of microfinance in Nigeria, as well as insights and recommendations for better reaching this audience, based on focus group discussions and case studies of self-employed women in rural areas of Edo State, Nigeria.
Assessing food security in Yemen
The lack of updated information about food security is of concern to many countries, especially during and after economic crises, natural disasters, and conflicts. In this paper we present an analytical framework for assessing the effects of such crises on food security. This methodology can compensate for the lack of recent data in the aftermath of various crisis situations and thus provide important information to policymakers. We apply this methodology to Yemen, a country where the recent food price crisis and global economic recession have been especially damaging.
Impact of soaring food price in Ethiopia
"Previous studies implicitly assume uniform price-effects across regions or provinces within countries. They also do not address the issue of integration between the world food market and local markets. Instead, they assume a complete transmission of changes in world food prices to local food prices. In this paper, we first establish evidence of regional price heterogeneity across Ethiopia. We also applied the Johansen test for market integration over 95 local maize markets and found that none of the Ethiopian regional markets for maize is integrated to the world market.
Rebuilding Agricultural Livelihoods in Post-Conflict Situations
Most conflicts in the developing world take place in rural areas, displacing large numbers of civilians and disrupting their agricultural livelihoods. Rebuilding agriculture is an important strategy for post-conflict reconstruction. Agriculture is well suited to absorb demobilized combatants, improve food security, and enhance livelihoods. To stimulate agricultural production, post-conflict programs often have to provide agricultural inputs and assets including seeds, tools, and livestock that have been lost during the conflict.
Institutional change, rural services, and agricultural performance in Kyrgyzstan
The institutional change in rural Kyrgyzstan during the transition period included farm reorganization, land reform, building markets, and community institutions. The land reform established private property rights to land, including the rights to transfer, exchange, sell, lease, and use the land as collateral for credit. These key features of Kyrgyzstan’s agrarian transition are in sharp contrast with those of other transition countries in Central Asia.