General

North West Nigeria will experience a great impact from climate change since it lies either in the desert or dry land, where majority of small holder farmers still earn their livelihoods from subsistence agriculture and pastoralism. In most places, soils are inherently poor- low in organic matter and rich in salts and rainfall is erratic. Soil erosion and general land degradation has caused part of the lands to fall out of cultivation. Land degradation has reached crisis proportion with not only problem of desert expandingbut also soil depletion, soil erosion and water loss as a result of poor land use.(UNEP, world Atlas of desertification). The NorthWest Nigeria vulnerability to climate change impacts have been underscored by severe droughts experienced recently in the Sahel in 2012. By 2050 many crops in sub-Saharan Africa are expected to experience yield declines between 5-22% as a result of climate changeimpacts (FAO, How to feed the world in 2050, 2009). These experiences and projections bring into focus the serious impacts of climate change on the continent and highlight the urgent need for adaptation as a priority for food security; reducing the vulnerability of a great majority of Africa#s one billion citizens. Climate change will act as a multiplier of existing threat to food security: It will make natural disaster more frequent and intense, land and water more scarce and difficult to access, and increases in productivity even harder to achieve. The implications for people who are poor and already food insecure and malnourished are immense. The livelihoods and lives of the poorest and the most vulnerable, including women and children and the marginalised communities, are at the greatest risk to suffer from the potential impacts of climate change. This is due to their high exposure to natural hazards, their direct dependence on climate- sensitive resources such as plants, trees, animals, water and land, and their limited capacity to adapt and cope with Climate Change impacts. Climate change will affect four dimensions of food security: availability, accessibility, stability and utilisation. It will reduce food availability, because it negatively affects the basic elements of food production- soil, water and biodiversity. Rural communities face increased risks including recurrent crop failure, loss of livestock and reduced availability of fisheries and forest product. Changing temperatures and weather patterns furthermore creates conditions for emergenceof new pests and diseases that affect animals, trees and crops. This has direct effects on the quality and quantity of yields as well as the availability and price of food, feed and fibre. Competition over increasingly scarce resources will also increase the risks of conflicts, displacement and migration, which in turn will again increase the risk of food insecurity (climate change and the risk of hunger. (WFP, 2009). Reduced food availability due to decreasing yield as a result of climate change has additional direct implications for food accessibility: As food becomes scarce, prices go up and food becomes unaffordable, i.e. inaccessible, for a growing part of the population. It thus becomes necessary for Oxfam to undertake a study and implement recommended adaptation options that have the potential to improve the capacity of the vulnerable people to be food secured and adapt to climate change The overall objective of the project is to improve resilience to climate change, food security and household incomes of the rural poor in the North Western Nigeria. To achieve this, the is commencing with a study which has the following strategic objectives: - To carry out a study to: # To identify the main drivers of climate change within the North West of Nigeria # 2. To investigate the vulnerability of small scale farmers in the North western part of Nigeria to the effects of climate change, land degradation and conflicts and analyse the coping strategies they adopt. # 3. Identify ecosystem- based approaches that can be harnessed to improve food security, buildcapacities for adaption to climate change and mitigate climate change induced conflicts. # 4. To synthesize objectives 1-3 into insights/recommendations for conservation and management action as well as identify investment opportunities for private sector participation # 5. Recommend viable projects that can be implemented to contribute to increased food security, reduction in land degradation through improved resources management techniques and support sustainable livelihoods.

General

L'objectif global de l'action est de garantir et de sécuriser les droits de propriété foncières pour promouvoir les investissements publics et privés, favoriser le développement des activités de production et améliorer le climat social.2.2 Objectifs particuliersL'objectif particulier est de faire une évaluation consensuelle du statut de la gouvernance foncière, didentifier les principaux problèmes de la gestion foncière aux niveaux localrégional et national, , tant en milieu urbain que rura

Objectives

To promote a model for integrated community-based conservation and protected area management applied to the peatland area and its forest ecosystem of the RoC Lac Télé Landscape.

Other

Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency.

Target Groups

The project is designed to strengthen and develop on-going efforts in the Republic of Congo, as well as in the greater Congo Basin region to conserve globally significant biodiversity within forest landscapes and sustainably manage a big tropical peatland found within the country, and extending into neighbouring countries. The project will, however, deliver tangible economic benefits to local communities within target areas. This will be achieved through developing and implementing land use management plans, improving the legal and policy framework, improving environmental management within project area to help maintain existing livelihoods and develop new options related to ecotourism, NFTP and organic cocoa value chains, sustainable wildlife management and agriculture as well as reducing social and economic costs of environmental degradation, unsustainable exploitation of natural resources and wildlife crime. The cost of human-wildlife conflict will also be reduced by the demonstration of practices that will avoid these conflicts at village level including ecological solutions through bee hives for honey production, and by the protection of habitat in the project area as elephants will be kept away from VTs due to their remembering of bee mass attacks. More specifically the project will work with key production sectors within the project area and in related transboundary landscapes to strengthen sustainable livelihoods practices. The introduction of CBNRM, SLM, and SFM is expected to trigger more efficient management of natural resources reducing cost of exploitation or increasing yield in the long-term, this includes for instance sustainable land management practices increasing soil productivity, and agroforestry practices introducing new sustainable agricultural production options for local communities. For instance sustainable integrated land management through agroforestry, multiple use sustain yield tree crops, orchard fruits, aquaculture, honey bee production along with wildlife oriented ecotourism and hotspots permanent monitoring, rural entrepreneurship activities for small business services will provide upwards of 2,500 environmentally friendly jobs for sustainable inclusive green growth. The project will thus contribute to increase local communities’ income in the long term including income from sustainable agriculture through the creation of agricultural products collect, transport, processing and trading and develop their partnership with private agricultural companies, which could commercialize their processed production. The proposed intervention will also support the development of direct or indirect revenue generation from conservation activities for local communities; appropriate revenue generation mechanisms compatible with the protected areas status and ecological characters and responsive to local community needs will be analyzed. Mechanisms will include ecotourism, handicrafts, and derivatives of sustainable non-timber products to which value has been added. The project will also facilitate targeted communities, relevant common initiative groups, community-based organization, as well as authorities to establish community tourism enterprise to promote ecotourism, tourism based small businesses, services and products as alternative livelihood source. Eco-tourism initiatives have the potential to create around upward of 750 direct jobs if the area manages to attract at least 2,000 tourists a year through the support of this project and relevant long-term partners within the ministerial and non-governmental organization spaces. A major aspect of the project concerns law enforcement strengthening and anti-trafficking activities on the ground. The related activities undertaken during the project will trigger a stronger and more efficient legal mechanism with better crime scene management and criminal investigations, as well as a stronger capacity of PA managers and patrols to prevent and address wildlife crime in the project area. Local communities will thus benefit from an improved security in the zone, with better surveillance of routes and hubs preventing armed groups from freely entering the area. The project will support social cohesion in the regional transboundary area by fostering increased cooperation between stakeholders over essential issues concerning natural resources management and wildlife crime. Consultations platforms will enable stakeholders to negotiate and solve issues concerning logging concessions for instance. In this process indigenous people and small local communities will be given the opportunity to participate to the decision-making process to ensure their fair representation and appropriation of the development process of the zone. These communities will also receive support to develop community based forest management through the biological resources access. According to the government’s 2010 report to CEDAW, women produced approximately 90% of food products for household consumption. In 2016, the government reported that women accounted for 70% of the agricultural workforce but own only 25% of agricultural land usually in small holdings. This project is carefully integrating gender mainstreaming considerations to ensure that the project benefits are fairly distributed across genders with special emphasis on women for capacity-building activities on SLM and alternative livelihoods. Women will benefit from the introduction of alternative livelihoods creating agricultural jobs and alternative source of income. They will also participate as full members in decision-making, access to project resources, and in contributing to feedback on project implementation processes and directions.