Empirical investigation of the impact of institutional and socioeconomic factors on agricultural productivity and natural resource conditions is important for an informed evaluation of current policies, and to identify areas for future improvements. In this line, the current study addresses three topics of relevance to the process of agricultural intensification and natural resource management in the context of the less-favoured Highlands of Tigray, Ethiopia.

Population pressures and the need to optimize the use of limited available land has led to increasing cropping affluence levels within the maize agro-ecologies in Kenya, and a shift from large to smallholder intensification and multiple cropping patterns. Using a geographic information system, this study relates cropping patterns, by area share, maize productivity and household incomes across maize agro-ecologies, with the purpose to establish a decision support system for optimizing land allocation and in priority setting for introduction of new technologies such as Bt maize varieties.

This paper represents part of an area of work which analyses access to natural resources in Mozambique. An initial paper examined the extent to which Mozambique’s recent regulatory changes to natural resource access and management have had their intended effects (LSP Working Paper 17: Norfolk, S. (2004). “Examining access to natural resources and linkages to sustainable livelihoods: a case study of Mozambique”). This paper is complemented by LSP Working Paper 28: Tanner et al. (2006).

About 88% of the population is concentrated in the highlands, which constitute less than half of the national territory; here the population density is 141 persons km-2. Agriculture is the main source of livelihood and national income in the country. Over 85% of the population directly depends on it and about half of the GDP is generated from the sector. However, agriculture is small-scale and subsistence oriented, and it is in a very low state of development.

...There are many good books and resources on sustainable agriculture and
we have learnt much from them. However refugees are constrained in their
agricultural practices due to limited access to land, water and other resources.
This Handbook attempts to present a summary of simple adaptations of ideas
found in other books, manuals and resources on sustainable agriculture.
This Handbook is not a textbook as such, but a compilation of different
subjects for people to pick and choose. We know that it is not complete and

This Handbook is designed for both farmers and students to use in the field and during training. It is divided into eight sections, each one containing several topics and all illustrated with large clear pictures. The Handbook can be read from beginning to end or each topic can be read separately. Space is provided for readers to take notes and to add their own local knowledge...Our people have always been farmers. Farmers of the river lands, of the mountains, and of the forests.

This Handbook is designed for both farmers and students to use in the field and
during training. It is divided into eight sections, each one containing several
topics and all illustrated with large clear pictures. The Handbook can be read
from beginning to end or each topic can be read separately. Space is provided
for readers to take notes and to add their own local knowledge...Our people have always been farmers. Farmers of the river lands, of the
mountains, and of the forests. Due to civil war in Burma, more and more of

Land is the most fundamental resource in any society because it is the basis of human survival. Land is the space upon which all human activities take place and provides continued existence of all life forms and minerals.

En novembre 2004, au bout de deux années de mise au point, le Conseil de la FAO a adopté les Directives volontaires relatives au droit à l'alimentation qui sont, dans les faits, un instrument juridique nouveau pour

« La naissance d'un zèbre »

Pour une approche des « droits humains »
Les Directives volontaires sur le droit humain à l'alimentation constituent un nouvel instrument de lutte contre la faim dans le cadre du droit international. Elles se révèlent être une arme nouvelle et prometteuse contre la sous-alimentation. Grâce à elles, la politique du développement et les droits de l'Homme s'allient dans la lutte pour le droit à l'alimentation. L'« approche des droits humains » est devenue le nouveau mot d'ordre dans le combat contre la faim.

Les Directives volontaires adoptées en 2004 à l'appui de la concrétisation progressive du droit à l'alimentation ont eu le grand mérite de faire figurer ce dernier en bonne place à l'ordre du jour de la politique internationale du développement. Pour éviter tout décalage entre la théorie et la pratique, il faut que les gouvernements, les organisations de développement et les bailleurs de fonds concertent leurs efforts pour mettre ces directives en oeuvre et accélérer la concrétisation du droit à l'alimentation au niveau national.